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CHRISTIAN UNIVERSAL LIBRARY
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GENESIS
THE CREATION OF THE UNIVERSE
CRYS
In the beginning, God created the heavens and the
earth.
The earth was formless and empty, and darkness covered
the face of the Abyss,
but the Spirit of God was hovering over the surface of
the waters.
God said, “Let there be light,” and there was light.
TABLE OF CONTENTS
PART I
THE CREATION OF LIGHT IN GENESIS
1.
The Creation of Light
2.
The Creation of the Earth
3.
The Creation of the Biosphere
4.
Fusion of the Earth's Crust
5.
The Creation of the Primordial Atmosphere
PART II
THE CREATION OF THE FIRMAMENT OF THE HEAVENS
1.
Geohistorical Overview
2.
The First Law Governing the Universe
3.
The Creation of the Firmament
PART III
THE CREATION OF THE LADDER OF NATURAL ELEMENTS
1.
Above the Darkness
2.
The Creation of the Ladder of Natural Elements
3.
The Second Law Governing the Universe
PART IV
THE CREATION OF THE BIOSPHERE
1.
The Creation of Continents and Oceans
PART V
THE CREATION OF THE ECOSPHERE
1.
Sublimation of the Polar Ice Sheet
2.
The Creation of the Biospheric Plane of Interrelationship
3.
The Autonomous Ecospheric Substrate
4.
The Theory of Geophysical Rings
5.
The Theory of the Seismological Flotation System
PART VI
THE CREATION OF THE SOLAR SYSTEM
1.
Applied Finistic Systemology
2.
The Dynamic Structure of the Solar System
PART VII
THE CREATION OF THE HEAVENS
1.
The General Cosmological Principle
2.
General Cosmological Space
3.
The Astrophysical Engineering of Creation
FOREWORD
AN INTRODUCTION TO
TWENTY-FIRST-CENTURY COSMOLOGY
Herein lies the world’s best-kept secret.
Throughout the three thousand five hundred years that
elapsed between Moses and Christ Raúl, no human being was permitted to break
the Seal by which YAHVEH God decreed that the History of the Creation of the
Heavens and the Earth should remain beyond the reach of human understanding,
until the Day appointed in His foreknowledge.
Now that this Seal has been opened, and the hieroglyph
inscribed by Moses has been laid bare for all nations to read, the Wisdom of
YAHVEH God, its Author, is magnified beyond measure; all the more so because
the sages and geniuses of every age sought to open this Seal and decipher its
contents, yet were unable to do so.
The Wisdom of YAHVEH God, Creator of the Universe,
appears even more exalted and inaccessible when one considers that the man
granted the glory of opening this Seal and proclaiming its contents to all
nations is no more than an ordinary man, possessing no education beyond the
basic knowledge natural to his own time and people.
Naturally, the obstacle this Book must overcome is
multiplied by the number of those who, frustrated in their inability to break
the Seal of Genesis, persuaded themselves that such an impossibility arose from
the fact that the Genesis account is nothing more than a metaphor devoid of
scientific content.
Since human intelligence was created to rise toward
the image of Divine Intelligence, as it is written: “Let us make man in our
image and after our likeness,” that frustration could only give birth to a
vision of the Universe designed to conceal human ignorance while keeping afloat
the illusion of the omnipotence of scientific reason.
From this emotional duality there emerged a godless
cosmology, at first defensive and later openly aggressive and anti-creationist,
whose purpose was to preserve the greatness of man in the face of what was
proclaimed as "the death of God."
OMNISCIENCE AND OMNIPOTENCE
It is therefore only natural that, when confronted
with the question of whether the CSXX is in fact a “Religion of Science,”
today’s astronomers continue to turn a blind eye to the evidence laid before
them by the universal data of astrophysics.
My task, in this context, is to make the difficult
simple and to show that the Light which blinds the eyes is the very Light that
opens the human intellect to the Image of the Divine Intelligence of its
Creator. For mankind continues to prefer living under conditions unworthy of
its nature, out of fear of experiencing a Freedom that, in the Image and
Likeness of the Divine, overcomes all things and confronts the problems of
Space and Time with the victorious awareness of one who has learned that Life
is an Adventure: an Epic in constant progress toward a Horizon whose nature
reveals itself as one draws nearer to its Boundary.
In the words of our Creator, God the Only-Begotten
Son, our King and Lord, our Father and Teacher:
“Each
day will bring its own concerns.”
Having devoted my life to the study of the Creation of
our Universe, to the reconstruction of the True Image of our Heavens and their
relationship in Space and Time with the Cosmos in which they were created, and
having trained my mind to work with simple images supported by Natural
Astronomical Data, I find it necessary to begin with a clear Universal
Principle, one that leaves no room for doubt and serves as a Bridge between the
Twentieth Century and this Introduction to the Twenty-First.
To meet that need, let me state from the outset that
this work is exactly what its title proclaims: An Introduction. The task
of opening the Door belongs to the one who stands before it. The task of those
who enter is to continue the work, developing and refining cosmological and
astrophysical thought so that future generations may walk upon ground nourished
by the Tree of the Creative Sciences, whose Fruit lives under the Law of Life
rather than under the Law of Death: the fruit served to the twentieth century
by the tree of scientific atheism.
With regard to the Origin of the Cosmos, and
establishing here the Principle that our Universe, the Heavens and the Earth,
is a Work subsequent to the Creation of the Cosmos itself, a Cosmos created as
the Reservoir of Raw Matter from which new Universes are brought forth, this
Cosmological Origin took place through a massive transformation of
astrophysical matter into cosmic energy. That universal energy, redirected
through the energy fields of Space and Time, began its journey back toward
astrophysical matter.
In essence, this Original Big Bang continues to occur
at the Frontiers of the Cosmos, where the cosmic energy generated by the
Galaxies is gathered by the energy fields of Space-Time and transformed once
again into matter. Thus the process continues into Infinity and Eternity,
giving rise to the natural expansion of the Cosmos without end. The creation of
galaxies is an unceasing work sustained by the Creator of the Original Big Bang
through the continual expansion of the frontiers of His Creation.
It is therefore no coincidence that the revolution in
radio astronomy continues to add newly discovered galaxies to those already
known, pushing ever farther the boundaries of the Cosmos, while opening our
eyes to a vision of Expansion wholly distinct from any theory of Final
Cosmological Contraction.
Just as Eternity, Infinity, and God know neither
Beginning nor End, so Creation was made to endure forever. To deny the infinite
expansion of the Cosmos by postulating an eventual Contraction somewhere along
the line of Eternity is to surrender once again to science fiction and to
return to the Age of Fallacy that characterized the twentieth century, when a
Hypothesis was treated as Law until its falsehood could no longer be concealed.
Since the errors of that century devastated the Earth
through two World Wars, persisting in such fallacies is to declare war against
the human race, against Life, and ultimately against God.
o bring this Prologue to its close, I must add that
direct observation of the development undergone by astronomy, physics, and the
natural sciences during the past forty years provides abundant intellectual
resources for constructing a clear and coherent understanding of the true image
of our Heavens and our Earth.
At this point there can be little doubt that the image
of the Universe projected to humanity by the geological and astronomical
sciences profoundly influences both civilization itself and mankind's attitude
toward existence. The attempt to shift responsibility for one's own failures
onto causes external to the system is a pathological tendency which, as history
clearly demonstrates, leads nowhere, or rather, to one destination alone:
destruction.
The role played by the natural sciences in the tragedy
that culminated in the Second World War remains a mea culpa suspended over history like a gravestone.
The relationship between Knowledge and Conduct, a
principle long recognized by the sciences since the earliest days of ethology,
makes it impossible to dismiss the role that Scientific Atheism, supported by
twentieth-century science, played in the tragedies of that century. Unless, of
course, we are now expected to be not only blind, but also incapable of
thought.
For my part, I do not believe that Evil acted
consciously. Yet once Consciousness has been attained, the consequences of
Freedom can no longer be attributed to the impossibility of opening a Seal that
God Himself had kept closed.
There is no condemnation here, nor is it my task to
judge the thinkers of previous centuries. Truth stands above the judgment of
one’s neighbour. Its nature is to liberate those who
found themselves imprisoned within the darkness of a Silence imposed by
Cosmological Necessity, a necessity that has now been overcome.
Let us therefore open the Door that has remained
closed for three thousand five hundred years, for the Glory of our Divine
Creator and for the liberation of all the Nations of Mankind from the forces
that Ignorance, born of the Fall of the First Man, unleashed upon every people
of the Earth.
PART ONE
THE CREATION OF LIGHT IN GENESIS
CHAPTER ONE
STATEMENT OF PRINCIPLES
THE HISTORY OF THE CREATION OF THE UNIVERSE
1.
To begin with,
and since every journey requires a proper point of departure, I shall say that
this study of the History of the Creation of the Universe (the Heavens and the
Earth) arises from the necessity of opening Faith to the scientific principles
of Nature.
I do not seek to found Faith upon those principles.
Faith has always been, and remains, founded upon the supernatural principles of
which the Gospels constitute the Eternal Treatise.
Since the Incarnation and the Resurrection are the two
pillars of the Temple of Faith, when questions concerning the Origin of the
Universe arise, the only explanation our parents could offer us, and which we
ourselves could pass on to our children, is the Genesis account of Creation. In
other words:
“God
created the Heavens and the Earth.”
The rest, the “how” and the “when,” belongs to aspects
of the Creative Activity which we may either know or ignore, yet which neither
add to nor diminish Faith itself.
The task I have set before myself in this Introduction
is to address the first of these two questions: the How.
For although Faith may be invincible, no one can deny
that Faith deprived of Intelligence becomes vulnerable to corruption, as the
centuries have abundantly demonstrated.
Therefore, all the errors of Christianity must
ultimately be attributed to ignorance.
2.
Consequently, in this Introduction I shall go directly
to the Truth; and the truth is this: the Universe, this magnificent structure
of astrophysical engineering within whose vast framework our Solar System
journeys through space, this Universe, the Heavens, was created by the God of
Genesis.
The alternative view, namely that this final harmony
of breathtaking beauty which we call the Universe arose from a chaotic
succession of elements, presented no difficulty whatsoever to scientific
materialism, since modern science denied the existence of a Natural Aesthetic.
The question of the Aesthetics of the Heavens and
their role in stimulating Intelligence was therefore dismissed by scientific
atheism as the product of a series of accidents, all presumed to have
originated in Chaos.
As for the more fundamental question, how Chaos could
possibly produce Heavens of such extraordinary beauty, this was a matter they
preferred not to address. Or else they answered with the disdain commonly
reserved for what they considered the question of a fool.
It is therefore not without significance that the
father of Ethology and Nobel Prize laureate Konrad Lorenz linked Knowledge and
Behavior in his celebrated equation:
Truth = Survival
Falsehood = Destruction
3.
The examples placed before our eyes by the great
Konrad Lorenz are innumerable, yet they all converge upon a single universal
conclusion: the Behavior of every living being is the fruit of its true
Knowledge of Nature.
This knowledge is acquired partly through the senses
and partly through phylogenetic inheritance. Consequently, from the nature of a
species' behavior, we may infer the nature of the knowledge that enables it to
move through space and time.
In other words, if an individual is supplied with
false information concerning the environment in which it moves, the immediate
consequence will be disorientation; the final consequence will be destruction.
To illustrate this principle: imagine a traveller driving toward a break in the road. If he is
given inaccurate information regarding the distance separating him from the
obstacle, and therefore prepares himself improperly for the crossing,
acceptance of that false information may well lead to disaster.
Among animals, information is gathered directly
through the senses, whatever form those senses may take. In intelligent beings,
however, and particularly in Man, information is transmitted chiefly through
communication. Consequently, the individual becomes vulnerable to manipulation
from external sources, which, by directing behavior, may ultimately seek either
preservation or destruction.
Now, when an entire species, in this case the whole
human race, moves along a self-destructive path, logic compels us to speak of
an intellectual pathology which, by affecting all men, threatens to drag them
collectively toward the abyss of extinction.
Since Cosmology concerns itself with the Structure of
Nature, the source from which all life upon Earth ultimately proceeds, the
self-destructive behavior exhibited by mankind on a global scale must be sought
in a pathology of the intellect itself; that faculty through which Man
constructs his understanding of the world in which he lives and exists.
It was upon this foundation that God foretold the
destruction of Adam's world. Once established within a false reality, the
product of a fictitious understanding of the relationship between the Creator
and His Creation, and refusing to accept any correction in that relationship,
humanity set in motion a dynamic that could lead only back to dust.
In other words, the future of human life in the
Universe became confined to a finite span of time. Man's passage through the
History of Creation would be no more than a gust of wind across the Cosmos.
Once the wind had passed, Man would return to his animal origins, and his World
would ultimately descend into that graveyard where so many others already lie.
The course of events we have witnessed ever since Man
claimed the right to separate himself from his Creator’s Freedom and govern his
Existence in Time according to his own will confirms the Divine Warning to the
letter. Marching from war to war, we have inscribed upon the history of the
Earth our own fratricidal, suicidal, and self-destructive chronicle. Following
this path to its conclusion could lead only to the apotheosis of apocalyptic
thermonuclear war, a heroic feat for some, a tragedy for others.
For a god indifferent to our existence, it would be
merely the fall of yet another world into the Graveyard of Worlds, from whose
dust we ourselves were formed.
The Resurrection of Jesus Christ provides the Divine
Response to this dilemma.
Before us stands the image of the Phoenix, rising from
its ashes through the Power of the Divine Creator, who brought us forth from
cosmic dust through the boundless Intelligence that springs from the Tree of
the Sciences of the Creation of Universes and Worlds. By that same Power, He
raises Life within the Universe from the animal condition to Life in His own
Image and Likeness, so that it may partake of Eternal Life.
Yet before us also stands the power of choice: either
to rise into the natural dignity of a child of God, or to fall back from the
animal condition into dust once more.
Freedom accompanies the creation of life in the Image
and Likeness of the Divine Creator.
What God tells us in the Old Testament is that Man
chose death over Eternal Life. What He tells us in the New Testament is that
this choice resulted from the corruption of Man's intelligence when a being
foreign to Man supplied him with false knowledge concerning the meaning of
living in the Image and Likeness of a child of God.
The meaning of that Image and Likeness became flesh.
ECCE HOMO.
Jesus Christ is the Man whom God brought forth within
the animal realm to be His Son. The alternative model, the satanic model, is an
abomination in the eyes of our Creator.
Deceived, Man fell.
Redeemed, he rises again like the Phoenix to live
Eternal Life in the Image and Likeness of Jesus Christ, the Son of God. Hence
the Apostle's declaration:
“Christ,
our life.”
Indeed, whoever does not wish to live Eternal Life
remains free to choose otherwise. Yet knowing that his choice is Death, his
existence becomes a declaration of war against the Life that dwells within us.
Hence the Tragedy.
To choose Satan as a model of existence is to embrace
a terrible feat: the Atomic Destruction of the entire Human Race; the attempt
to defeat God; the ambition to force the Creator of the Cosmos to His knees.
The message of Satan to his faithful is unwavering:
God created the World.
I destroy what God created.
I am God.
4.
Returning, however, to the metaphysical question, the
fact remains that Ethics is no more encoded in Genetics than Beauty is encoded
in Matter; yet its manifestation appears at every known level of history.
If the need is innate, then Knowledge must form part
of our genetic structure. Put differently, we would not respond to the
Aesthetic Beauty of the Universe if our very nature were not prepared to answer
the sparks that the Heavens kindle within the human mind.
Thus, by denying the relationship between Natural
Intelligence and Universal Aesthetics, scientific materialism has
done, and continues to do, no less than divert the train of creationist
cosmological inquiry onto a dead-end track.
Against this attempt, the entire history of
civilization stands as a witness. From its earliest beginnings, every culture
has left behind a record of its response to this natural stimulus, the
relationship between Natural Intelligence and Universal Aesthetics,
a reality over which Humanity, still in its ontological infancy, possessed
neither mastery nor control.
In other words, human beings respond to the Beauty of
the Universe with the same spontaneity with which trees respond to the arrival
of spring and the winds respond to winter.
If Admiration is the mother of Philosophical Thought,
of Scientific Experience, and of the living reality of Wisdom, then it is
Nature itself, bearing within its Universal Structure the imprint of the
Intelligence of its Creator, that calls forth its inevitable consequence in
Life: the emergence of an Intelligent Creature created in the Image and
Likeness of its Creator.
5.
As for the
Creation of Intelligent Life upon the face of the Earth, during that time when
humanity still stood in its Ontological Infancy (that is, Homo
sapiens Adanensis), Man's response to the
stimulus of the Universe within his mind was the Word.
In other words, if science traces its origins to the
act of wonder, then that same act had already revolutionized humanity's future
long before, opening Man's lips to utter his very first word.
And what could that first word, the supreme word of
wonder, have been if not:
“God!”
Indeed, the Biblical account of the Creation of the
Universe finds its origin in the fulfillment of that very stimulus which
awakened in humanity the desire to know the origin of all things.
Among the many responses offered by the nations of
antiquity to the challenge posed by Celestial Aesthetics and Natural
Intelligence, the Biblical Account established a gulf between Moses and his
contemporaries as impossible to cross as the Red Sea had been for Pharaoh.
6.
Compared with the account of Creation given by Moses,
the cosmogonies of the ancient peoples bear the unmistakable mark of the
historical trauma experienced by their ancestors somewhere beyond the Flood.
Gods, demons, the sea, the heavens, the earth,
demigods... all the anxieties of ancient humanity merged into a mythical chaos
from which nothing enduring could emerge except the justification of the social
behaviors inherited from previous generations.
For this reason, I prefer to leave for another
occasion an examination of the origins of antiquity's responses to the
challenge of the Cosmos.
Nor shall I lose myself in the analysis and refutation
of modern cosmological theories. For although clothed in a different language,
the answers offered by the Atomic Age to the ancient questions concerning the
Origin and Structure of the Universe sprang from the very same psychological
disposition that once led humanity into the Age of Myth and Legend.
In due course, when the proper moment arrives, I shall
dissect those systems until the true nature of their hypotheses stands fully
exposed.
Because this New Cosmology is neither the
development of a previous hypothesis nor indebted to any existing theory, the
historical framework presented in this book is under no obligation to follow
the traditional method of documenting and refuting every hypothesis that, from
the Classical World to the Atomic Age, has sought to satisfy humanity's thirst
for knowledge.
And since freedom of expression walks hand in hand
with freedom of thought, granting every thinker the right to forge his own
method, I have chosen to follow the path laid down by Moses in Genesis.
7.
The study of the history of science in general, and of
astronomy in particular, reveals both the nature and the extent of the
ignorance bequeathed to humanity by the generation of those mythical founders
of the first city-states built by men. Their civilization reached its golden
age when “the crown descended from Heaven” and their cities were established as
the body of the First King of the Earth: Adam, who, defying the Law and
rejecting Peace on the road toward the civilization destined for the fullness
of all nations, made Holy War his iron law and bequeathed Death to all who
followed him.
It is in Destruction that the delicate relationship
between Knowledge and Behavior most clearly reveals itself.
The acceptance of false information concerning the
Identity and Nature of the Creator set in motion the first global civil war,
manifested in the fratricidal conflict between Cain and Abel. Had that
falsehood not been accepted, and had humanity instead embarked upon a direct
path toward Universal Civilization, the human race might have been spared
immeasurable suffering.
However, since the purpose of this work is not to
reopen the historical debates of Antiquity, it is best to leave aside, for the
moment, the subject of the Fall as viewed through the lens of the historical
sciences. There will be time enough, should God so will it, to journey back to
the Seventh Millennium B.C. and reconstruct, in the light of evidence, the
world that existed before the fall of that first kingdom, whose ruler received
the crown “that came down from Heaven”: Adam to us, Alulim to the heirs of that
lost world...
All because of an apple.
8.
Continuing this introduction, and although the point
may at first appear secondary, Moses' entrance into history transformed the
future of humanity for many reasons.
Foremost among them, he was the first lawgiver to
abolish human sacrifice.
Purified by Jesus Christ from the penalties associated
with biblical crime, the Mosaic Code of Justice remains one of the foundations
of our social ethics. Its commandments:
“You shall not kill.
You shall not steal.
You shall not commit adultery.
You shall not bear false witness.”
continue to serve as pillars supporting the very structure of Justice in
civilized society.
Indeed, much of the condition in which the world now
finds itself can be understood through the mortal struggle that the seed of
Cain has continually waged against Christ.
From the very origins of the world that emerged after
the Fall, the objective of kingdoms and empires, tyrants and dictators, has
remained remarkably constant: the legalization of theft, adultery, murder,
false witness, sexual transgression, and every form of conduct condemned by the
Law of Nature.
The history of the conflict between the Law of Nature,
written by God the Creator in the hearts of the first families of the Earth,
and the law of Transgression, whose purpose has always been to legitimize that
rebellion in the name of the State, the Caste, Democracy, and even God Himself,
has consistently pursued the same goal:
to lead nations toward the acceptance of War as a way
of life.
9.
In many respects, the Revolution of Moses continues to
shape our world three thousand five hundred years after his birth. Without
contradicting Christian doctrine on the Trinity in the slightest, his
Monotheism remains the Rock upon which Christ built His Church.
From the tension between that ancient force,
entrenched in its own inertia and unwilling to take the next step forward, and
the new force struggling to be born, arose the great conflict whose eruption
restored to Sacred Scripture the revolutionary character it possessed at its
origins, and which it has never renounced.
Through Jesus Christ, even at the cost of being
regarded as a “traitor to His people” for opening Sacred Scripture to all
nations, Classical Natural Intelligence found the door to Creation thrown open
before it.
More importantly still, Jesus Christ gave the Bible a
People capable of protecting it throughout the centuries that followed and
preserving it through the impending collapse of the Roman Empire.
10.
The Jewish people, it is true, carried the Holy
Scriptures through the storms of the centuries. Yet they did so much as a man
bears a burden from which he cannot free himself.
The periods of idolatry and corruption so frequently
recorded in their history were nothing more than manifestations of their
inability to cast that burden from their shoulders.
Moses established a Covenant between God and the
Hebrew people, by virtue of which Israel would never be destroyed. Yet because
that Covenant bound both parties, and because the Eye of God is everywhere, it
inevitably awakened within the Jewish conscience the desire not to feel so
constantly observed by an omnipresent Presence.
From that desire for escape arose the recurring cycles
of idolatry and corruption so abundantly recorded in the pages of Scripture.
(It was this relationship,
marked by profound spiritual tension, where God knew that man could not avoid
sin, and man knew that God could not refrain from judging sin, that ultimately
led the Jewish people to the historical moment in which their confrontation
with the priestly authorities of Jerusalem revealed Jesus Christ to the world.)
After fifteen centuries of studying Sacred Scripture
and living its reality in their very flesh, the people of Jerusalem came to
embody a particular model of the relationship between God, the Universe, and
Man.
Their liturgical practices, their legal prescriptions,
and, in general, the Jewish way of life, though not without exceptions, kept
the rest of the world at a distance from Sacred Scripture; while the Jewish
people themselves, again with rare exceptions, remained equally distant from
the books of the Golden Age of Philosophy and the Classical Sciences.
Jesus Christ set Himself the task of bringing down
this barrier, this seemingly insurmountable psychohistorical wall that divided
both worlds. And He succeeded.
The need was vital.
As custodians of Sacred Scripture, the Jewish people
could not ignore the fact that Universal History continued to unfold around
them, nor that God had entrusted another people with another form of “sacred
scripture.”
If Sacred Scripture was the fruit of God's love for
humanity, then Philosophy, the mother of Science, was the fruit of humanity's
love for Wisdom.
11.
The journey of Science through the centuries has been
a long one. How could it have been otherwise?
For if Man was created to participate in Creative
Omniscience, then human intelligence, being a living reflection of Divine
Intelligence, could neither help nor cease aspiring to grow within that
omniscient dimension which belongs naturally to the Source of its existence.
The direct and tragic consequence bequeathed to all
the families of the Earth by the Fall was this rupture. Thus, although Man
retained within himself the potentiality of being, after the Fall he found
himself unable to pass from potentiality to actuality; from what philosophy
calls potency to act.
Out of this natural incapacity arose the mythologies
and cosmogonies which, individually and collectively, became the driving forces
behind the Crime against Nature; a Nature which, although bearing the Divine
Law within its breast, found itself powerless to restore the Human Creature to
communion with its Creator.
Ignorance became the inheritance of the human race, a
subject whose nature we shall examine in due course, though not here, since
this work concerns itself exclusively with the knowledge of God as Creator of
the Heavens and the Earth.
Against that Ignorance rose Philosophical Thought.
And although human intelligence remained enslaved to
the law of animal reason, because the human being carries within himself, by
the design of his Creator, the seed of Divine Intelligence, that seed was
destined to bear fruit.
12.
Thus, fifteen centuries after the Resurrection, the
hour of freedom for Science arrived.
The guardianship that Theology had exercised over
Science was drawing to its close.
The circumstances, however, were no longer the same.
One cannot compare the world that existed fifteen hundred years after Moses
with that inhabited by Galileo fifteen hundred years after Jesus Christ.
Yet, as far as the emancipation of Science from
theological tutelage was concerned, the Hour had indeed arrived.
The hands of Time had been moving toward that moment.
If theologians took offense at Galileo, it was not
because God had ceased to be the Spirit who breathes life into His creatures. I
would say quite the opposite. Theology had attempted to monopolize that Breath
of Life; and having failed to do so, it found itself offended by God Himself.
But these things had already been foretold.
The true problem at the heart of Science's
independence emerged from the sense of liberation experienced by one who
finally escapes the protection of an overbearing mother.
This growing sentiment, nourished by the criticism
that independent reason directed against a Church still anchored in medieval
habits, eventually led the modern world into the embrace of various forms of
scientific materialism.
(Given the intellectual
conditioning inherited by modern science, it was hardly possible for the
progress of physical knowledge concerning the Universe to culminate in an
encounter with its Creator.)
13.
Although this may sound like criticism, it is not
criticism for its own sake. It is simply the recognition that the failure of
the Modern Age is written into the very legacy it bequeathed to the Atomic
Age.
Countless ideas concerning possible cosmological
models emerged during that period, each one a fragment of a puzzle that
appeared magnificent, yet which no one could fully assemble.
It fell to Einstein and the generation that followed
him to elevate Number to the rank of Word, investing it with an
almost absolute power to impose order upon the Cosmos.
The madness that, according to conventional wisdom,
often accompanies genius led many of the sages of the Atomic Age to believe
that history had become a relay race and that their turn to carry the torch had
arrived.
With the loyalty of men devoted to a lost cause, the
great minds of the early twentieth century stepped onto the track that led
toward the inferno of the World Wars with all the enthusiasm of those who
believe that everyone else is blind while they alone can see.
When they finally realized where the train was headed,
when they wished to stop it, it was already too late.
Inertia completed the journey.
They abandoned the train and, like Pilate washing his
hands, stepped aside.
Yet how can we absolve them of responsibility for the
birth of the monster they themselves nourished with the milk of the law of the
strongest and the bread of war as an instrument of progress and evolution?
Fed by the doctrine of Scientific Materialism, both
the Nazi monster and the Bolshevik monster grew to maturity, becoming the
armies of that earthly hell which transformed the twentieth century into the
darkest age ever endured by humankind.
It is true that the Fall of the Roman Empire was no
less terrible in many respects. Yet the twentieth century possessed all the
means necessary to avoid its own apocalyptic catastrophe.
And nevertheless, war came to be regarded as the only
possible escape from the ideological and economic crisis that afflicted the
nations alike.
For this reason, the Fall of the Modern World became
the greatest tragedy known to history, both because of the innumerable souls
caught within its catastrophe and because of the hatred and evil unleashed
through the World Wars of the twentieth century.
Viewed through the lens of the doctrine of the “survival
of the fittest,” World War appeared legitimate.
It had to happen.
And it did.
14.
Fortunately, everything that has a beginning also has
an end, and the greatest war ever endured by humanity eventually came to its
conclusion.
The war ended. Yet, fleeing defeat at the fortress,
the champions of Science scattered in every direction. Under the banner of every
man for himself, they handed the baton of atomic power to the two great
nations that emerged victorious from the conflict.
Thus was born the Cold War.
A Cold War whose origin lay in God's decision to place
the same jawbone in the hands of both Cain and Abel, so that fratricide might
be restrained by the fear of mutual destruction.
A marvelous policy, the fruits of which we continue to
enjoy today.
This is not to say that the Atomic Age became, or has
ever been, a paradise of harmony devoted to the salvation of nations and the
redemption of Mother Earth.
Far from it.
The technological revolution still had to unfold. And
by one of those marvelous acts of Providence, the eyes of human intelligence
were opened and began to penetrate the depths of astronomical space.
As the immensity of the Universe unfolded before the
telescopic gaze of civilization, that Universe of the Strongest gradually dissolved and vanished like the soap bubble it had always been in the
imagination of its creators.
Astonished, with the disbelieving eyes of those who
watch their idols tremble upon their pedestals beneath the weight of an
earthquake shaking the very foundations of the world, the last generations of
the Cold War witnessed Einstein's religion and his cosmological doctrine
trembling upon their altar.
And there was nothing their priests could do to
prevent the collapse.
Once again, Reality denied, and continues to deny, the
ideology of Scientific Materialism.
First, it denied its gospel of the survival of the
fittest.
Then, it denied its doctrine that war is a biological
instrument of civilization.
And now it shakes the very foundations of the Cosmos
itself.
15.
Rather than lose myself in a critique of scientific
behavior, however, I prefer to turn directly to the development of civilization
through the evolution of human language, that faithful workhorse which has
carried us toward victory over the ignorance lamented by the Son of God when He
asked:
“If you do not understand the things of the Earth, how
will you understand the things of Heaven?”
It is no rhetorical flourish to affirm that the
meaning, the purpose, and the goal toward which the past two millennia have
been directed consist precisely in overcoming that intellectual deficiency.
Let us remember:
God spoke as a Prophet.
God spoke as a Lawgiver.
God spoke as a King and Lord.
God spoke as a Father.
Yet God never spoke to us as the Creative Intelligence
of the One who, opening His mouth, declared:
“Let
there be Light.”
And yet, within the very affirmation that He had
created the Universe lay the promise that one day He would explain how He had
done so.
Thus, within the lament of the Son of God there pulsed
the promise of a Future still waiting to be fulfilled, a future He would gladly
have seen already present, but which was not yet ready to arrive.
For the intelligence of Classical Man still had to
grow considerably before it could comprehend the laws governing the Science of
Creation.
The road from barbarism to the dawn of our own age
would be long and narrow.
But the Day would come.
History would broaden its horizon.
And the Morning Star, herald of the New Day, would
shine its light upon the Fullness of the Nations.
16.
Seeing it from afar across the centuries, one of the
disciples of Jesus greeted its coming with these words:
“For the eager expectation of Creation waits for the
revelation of the glorious freedom of the children of God.”
Since all the Apostles of Jesus Christ were children
of God, when Saint Paul declared that “the whole Creation” awaited “the
manifestation of the glorious freedom of the sons of God,” he was, in his
own way, and with that depth of insight that Saint Peter himself recognized in
him, prophesying the Birth of that Day when God would speak to humanity as the
Creator of the Universe who revealed Himself on the opening pages of His Book.
Moreover, the first two steps toward that Day had
already been taken.
There was Revelation.
And there was Science.
True, a wall still stood between them. Yet
Christianity, as would become evident during the first half of the first
millennium, brought that wall down. Under the light of its Magisterium,
Theology and Science learned to coexist and to grow together.
Civilization, of course, would still have to pass
through bitter and perilous times.
Ahead lay the invasions.
Ahead lay the schism among the churches.
Ahead lay the struggle between Faith and Reason.
And, at the end of the second millennium, ahead lay
the World Wars.
Only at the very end would the spirit of Intelligence
finally enter the stage.
PART ONE
THE CREATION OF LIGHT IN GENESIS
CHAPTER 2.
IN THE BEGINNING, GOD CREATED…
17.
We now enter fully into the central theme of this
work: the Creation of our Universe.
And, as could scarcely be otherwise, I have chosen Biblical
Revelation as the path by which to investigate the Origin and Constitution
of our Heavens and our Earth.
The simple fact that scientific thought has strayed
from Revelation does not grant it the right to fabricate a Universe according
to its own preferences.
The legitimization of cosmological models, provided
they are constructed from the sciences of number, is little more than a subtle
way of acknowledging, though seldom admitting openly, the inability of science
to untie even the strap of God's sandal, God being the Source from which all
sciences proceed.
But could it truly be otherwise?
Having been born, so to speak, only yesterday, shall
we deny God merely to spare our pride from humiliation?
18.
Curiously enough, Theology, infected by the same
audacity that marked Scientific Atheism, allowed itself to be deceived by the
imposture of twentieth-century cosmology.
As a consequence, it led much of the Church to accept
the idea that the Account of Creation in Genesis is little more than a metaphor
devoid of scientific content, and that the sole purpose of the Revelation
contained in Genesis is to relate the existence of the Universe to the idea of
a Divine Creator.
From there it was but a short step to the promotion of
a perpetual aggiornamento of the Text, adapting it continually to the
mentality and intellectual fashions of each successive age.
And why not?
It is always easier for the pride of the intelligentsia to deny its inability to rise toward the level of the God who created the
Cosmos than to acknowledge that it cannot even begin to approach the Creator of
the wonders that adorn the Garment of the Universe.
19.
For one reason or another, the fact remains that
whenever we enter the realm of Creative Omniscience, we all find ourselves
walking upon unexplored ground.
Some deny the existence of a God who created both
Universe and Cosmos.
Others insist that entry into the Creative Word is
impossible, sheltering behind the theological proposition that the Account of
Creation is merely a metaphor.
Yet beyond the beliefs and opinions of both camps, the
Account of the Creation of the Universe has fulfilled its historical mission:
it has introduced humanity to its Creator.
In God's hands alone resides the right to intervene
within His own Creation.
Revelation was given in order to expose the vanity of
all merely natural intelligence.
Yet God does not delight in mocking His creatures.
Above all, He does not do so because He has united Himself to His Creation as
Father.
And because Wisdom is the opposite of Ignorance, the
literary body of Revelation was itself sealed with the promise of access:
access, through Faith, from human intelligence to Divine Creative Omniscience.
Rejoice, therefore.
Let the river of the centuries carry away into the sea
of the Past all those arguments devised to conceal the failure of scientists
and theologians alike to open the Door, enter within, and see.
20.
That being said, and keeping always before us the
Thought of God, the Original Text of Genesis declares:
“The
Earth was... empty.”
Or, more completely:
“In the
beginning, the Earth was empty and confused.”
In the vast majority of modern translations,
particularly those that emerged in the wake of the Reformation, the original
sense of the text has often been softened or reshaped. Thus phrases such as “the
Earth was formless and empty” became common. Such variations are
understandable. Translators themselves found their work conditioned by the
scientific assumptions of their age and, wishing to spare their readers
confusion, frequently adapted the Word of God to contemporary modes of thought.
For my part, independent of the intellectual fashions,
prejudices, and anxieties of any particular age, and considering God to be
Eternal, I have chosen to remain as close as possible to the original statement
and to proceed from the information it provides:
“In the beginning, God created the Heavens and the
Earth. And the Earth was empty and confused...”
21.
Now, the fact that the Earth passed through a
geohistorical stage characterized by planetary emptiness, at least with regard
to the Biosphere, is as self-evident as the fact that we ourselves enter the
world naked.
Classical geology contains no explicit concept
corresponding to the state of emptiness described by the Author of Genesis. Yet
even if we adopt the perspective of modern geohistory,
it would still be unusual to speak of an emptiness resembling that which today
characterizes the surface of the Moon.
And it is precisely this kind of emptiness that the
Author of Revelation appears to place before our eyes.
22.
Consider the Moon.
When speaking of the Moon, we readily say that it is
empty, and with good reason.
There are no forests upon the Moon.
There are no oceans.
There is no atmosphere.
Nothing upon its outer crust allows us to suppose that
it either possesses, or is moving toward the development of, a Biosphere.
Its surface is little more than an endless desert.
Beyond the imagination of science fiction and the cataclysms so beloved by
twentieth-century readers, it bears no visible traces of lost civilizations
hidden beneath its folds.
For this reason, we naturally describe the Moon as
empty.
Devoid of atmosphere, oceans, continents, plant life,
and animal life alike, the Moon remains today as barren as the Earth was before
the Son of God opened His mouth and said:
“Let there be Light.”
23.
There is no need to linger endlessly upon the
geohistorical image from which the Word, opening His mouth, clothed the
nakedness of Mother Earth by His almighty command.
When the Divine Author tells us that the Earth was
empty in the beginning, the image that God the Father wishes to place before
the eyes of our understanding is that of a vast primordial world, a supergiant
moon called Earth.
It was to this infant planet, naked and exposed to
destruction, that God the Son drew near.
And to the wonder of all the children of God, children
not belonging to this Creation, He opened His mouth and began the work that
would ultimately culminate in the creation of the human race.
24.
Thus, as our horizons begin to widen, the ladder of
natural elements that Genesis invites us to climb places before us an Earth
without oceans, without an atmosphere, without continents, without polar ice
caps, without plants, without animals, without birds, and without fish.
In a word, an Earth without a Biosphere.
And from this retrospective vantage point, with
complete serenity, a man who lived thirty-five centuries ago addresses all the
sages of every age, those already born and those yet to come, with a single
question:
Ladies and gentlemen, beginning with a planet as empty
as the surface of the Moon, how did God create water, ice, air, earth, and
fire?
In other words:
How did He create the oceans, the continents, the
atmosphere, the polar ice caps, the plants, the birds, the fish, and all forms
of life?
Ever since that moment, the question posed by the
Author of Revelation has hovered above the intellect of the centuries.
25.
At this point, given the distance that separates the
Divine Author from the reader of the twenty-first century, the official answer
offered by theologians and scientists alike is that Moses merely devised a
metaphor, the product of an unusually fertile mystical imagination.
Personally, I do not know what name should be given to
a failure that denies the possibility of victory and seeks to drown its defeat
in the sea of oblivion by affirming Nothingness.
Perhaps one day I shall discover the answer.
For the moment, the first task of this book is to
demonstrate, contrary to Descartes, that God does not lie.
The second is to show that the geniuses often believed
themselves wiser than they truly were.
And the third is to provide the answer toward which
Civilization has been advancing from the beginning:
How did God create the Universe?
26.
The necessity of beginning somewhere brings us
directly to the relevant passage of Scripture:
“In the beginning, God created the Heavens and the
Earth. And the Earth was empty and confused, and Darkness covered the
face of the Abyss. But the Spirit of God moved upon the face of the waters.
Then God said: 'Let there be Light,' and there was Light.”
How many times has this passage been read?
How many times has this Revelation been discussed?
How many generations have struggled to wrest its
secret from it?
And how many thinkers have possessed sufficient
honesty, before themselves and before others, to admit that the Intelligence of
the One who created these Heavens and this Earth stands as far above human
intelligence as Heaven stands above Hell?
(Throughout this work, time
will be understood in geological terms. New horizons will open progressively as
the exposition advances. The Beginning is the problem. And the problem lies in
the choice of framework.)
CHAPTER 3.
THE CREATION OF THE EARTH
27.
The Biblical Account places us upon a specific
geological foundation. More precisely, Revelation unfolds before our eyes a
distinct geohistorical stage.
If, guided by its testimony that “the Earth was
empty,” we were to remove from the face of the globe all the familiar
elements of nature, the atmosphere, the continents, the oceans, and the polar
ice caps, what would remain?
What would remain is an empty planet on the eve of the
birth of its Biosphere.
Yet the focus toward which our intelligence has been
directed lies in the search for an answer that has eluded so many generations
of inquiry.
The question is this:
Starting from a planet possessing such geological
characteristics, a primordial crust deprived of every natural element from
which anything might be built, the nearest image being the barren surface of
the Moon, how did God create the Biosphere?
This is the traditional way of approaching the
problem.
But there is another.
28.
Let us approach the matter from a different
perspective.
Why not ask a different question?
Namely:
What sequence of physical processes would we ourselves
have to initiate, direct, and control in order to create a Biosphere upon a
geological platform existing in such a state of emptiness?
Seeing is believing.
The day will come when we shall behold God at work
with our own eyes and stand in wonder as we witness the manner in which He
accomplishes His works.
In this connection, His Son not only invites us to
contemplate the spectacle of Creation, but amazes us further when He tells us
that “the Father will do greater works than these.”
From this we may also understand that the
participation of the children of God in the work of Creation, in the creation
of our Heavens and our Earth, was itself part of that invitation.
That invitation reached its highest fulfillment when,
calling His children to Himself, God made them participants in our own
formation; and when He said: “Let us make Man in our image and after our
likeness,” the invitation was extended to participation in the act of creation
itself.
That being said, lest we lose ourselves on parallel
paths, and since the Origin of our Universe cannot be seen except through the
eyes of the intellect, it is with those eyes of understanding that we shall
contemplate how God created the Light and all things.
29.
It goes without saying that the restoration to human
memory of a historical reality from which mankind was excluded cannot help but
clash with the cosmological systems that the modern world constructed to fill
that void.
The details surrounding the origins of
twentieth-century cosmological systems, systems to which measurements were
assigned down to fractions of a second in order to increase their appearance of
certainty, are of secondary importance.
What matters is that the emergence of the true
historical account of the Origin of the Universe is bound to overwhelm the
intellect of all those whose thought remains anchored in the ocean beneath
whose waters the Modern World perished.
As for myself, long accustomed to navigating freely
through the Knowledge preserved in the Memories of the Universe, I constantly
run the risk of advancing more rapidly than the reader can follow.
I trust that I shall overcome this difficulty.
At least, I hope so.
For the moment, I have outlined the geohistorical
framework from which our journey will begin.
At the dawn of the First Day of Genesis, the Earth
stood empty and barren.
There was no Biosphere.
No oceans.
No continents.
No atmosphere.
No polar ice caps.
None of the natural elements had yet clothed the
nakedness of the Earth on the day following its birth.
30.
In fact, God created the Earth in Darkness.
The Author tells us that, once the Light had been
created, God separated the Light from the Darkness. Later, He adds that God
created the stars in order to separate the Light from the Darkness.
This immediately raises a question:
Where was, and where is, that Darkness which “covered
the surface of the Abyss,” within which God created the Light?
That question will receive its answer in due time.
For the moment, what is already evident from the text,
visible to the attentive eye at a glance, is that wherever that Darkness
existed, within which God created the Light, the Earth was not originally
created among the stars of our Heavens.
This is an affirmation that advances upon the wings of
dawn; yet in time it will be seen spreading across the firmament of the century
with the strength of the Sun itself, driving Night before Day.
One needs only paper and pencil, a willingness to
begin at the Beginning, and the determination to connect Light with Earth, in
order to find oneself face to face with a revolutionary image revealed in all
its grandeur.
31.
Indeed, my task in this Introduction is to establish
that Connection, integrate it into the History of the Earth, and, upon that
foundation, open the Door of the Light of Intelligence to all the sciences.
For what could be more natural than knowing where we
come from?
For the moment, once the Sea of Stars that fills our
Heavens, lying between Light and Darkness, has been placed before the eyes of
the mind, it awakens not only wonder but also presents us with a Creative Scene
that borders upon disbelief:
Was the Earth created beyond the Sea of Stars of our
Heavens?
Let the Light awaken us.
Let it open our eyes.
And let that stifled potential, created to become
actuality, that vocation of an Intelligence born to grow within the natural
Omniscience of its Creator, finally fulfil that Nature which is so profoundly
our own.
A Nature lost through a Rebellion drowned in the abyss
of Ignorance, the mother of all Crimes, amid whose rivers of blood Mother Earth
feels herself dying of shame and sorrow before the eyes of Heaven.
For her sake I lift my soul from the dust.
And may God transform our tears of horror, shed in the
face of unceasing hatred, into rivers of joy that never run dry.
32.
When it comes to the Intelligence of Creation, what
father would refuse to reveal his deepest secrets to his son?
The Earth was created there, in the Darkness, beyond
the stars of the Firmament.
Yes.
But why?
Seen from afar, at the moment of its Origin, the Earth
bore the appearance of a planetary body possessing all the characteristics of a
lunar satellite, only vastly larger.
An empty world suspended above that Abyss whose face
was veiled in Darkness.
How could one not feel bewilderment?
Did her Creator bring her into existence only to
abandon her in the Darkness?
Where was that stellar companion whom her Creator had
destined to become her heavenly spouse?
From the beginning, Earth and Sun had been betrothed
in a perpetual union; and from their embrace would emerge Life in the Image of
God, to the joy of all the stars.
Separated from her planetary brethren, abandoned in
the Darkness that covered the Face of the Abyss beyond the World of Stars,
surrounded by Death, her future hanging by a thread above a chasm, how could
she fail to feel Confusion tearing at her soul?
33.
Does God
promise hallelujahs that drive one mad with joy, and once the birth is
complete, turn His back on His creation, abandon it to destruction, and move on
to something else? Alas, the heart of the Earth—that tender heart, whose hope
is stronger than lightning and storm—is consigned to the perpetual solitude
that precedes the disintegration of consciousness and reason. “Alas, my soul,
which is breaking into pieces before the indifference of my Creator,” weeps, distraught,
the Mother who has never given birth, and in her Confusion she feels she will
never give birth. The wedding was announced; a bridesmaid was chosen for her—as
beautiful as she alone is—that Moon who waits in silence with her bouquet of
flowers for the arrival of her lady and queen; and soon the Earth was seen
abandoned in the Darkness....
34.
“Empty and confused,” abandoned in the Darkness on the
other side of the world of stars, the Earth shrinks, arms wrapped around her
knees, awaiting Death. It already surrounds her. She already lets herself fall,
drained of strength. The dream that heals all things, casting her out of
Creation like a stone shattered by the sculptor’s blow, will carry her back to
the dust from which her Creator brought her forth. The Earth breathes without
breath. She lies down around the last spark of heat. It is Wisdom that,
embracing her, covers her with a blanket and whispers words of trust and love
into her ear: “Hold on, my daughter; your Creator is coming.” This was the
scene; and this will be the platform from which we will begin to climb the
ladder of the natural elements.
CHAPTER 4.
CREATION OF THE BIOSPHERE
35.
We now stand before two realities: the Earth on one
side, and God on the other.
The question before us is simple:
How did God create the Biosphere upon that “empty”
geological platform?
Earlier, I suggested that we might ask the question
ourselves. After all, as students of matter and the laws governing its
behavior, we could attempt to reconstruct a geophysical sequence that comes as
close as possible to the actual historical process.
I say this because it was precisely this problem that
God Himself faced.
And solved.
There is no need to labor the point.
The evidence is before us.
It surrounds us.
It fills everything that exists upon the Earth.
36.
The fact remains that He knew the answer.
And because He knew it, God solved the problem of
creating the Biosphere upon that apparently barren geological structure.
He knew the answer because He knew every equation
contained within the laws of geophysics.
Perfectly knowing both the equations and their
solutions, God arose, stepped onto the stage of Creation, opened His mouth, and
spoke His Word:
“Let there be Light.”
37.
We are speaking here of the fusion of the Earth’s
external geophysical body.
At this point one could propose various possibilities.
One might imagine a fusion produced by fire acting
from without.
Or one might envision a fusion generated by
compression, acting from the exterior inward, as though the gravitational field
were collapsing upon itself until its radius had been reduced to an absolute
minimum.
Were Ignorance still holding us captive behind the
Wall of Death, all such possibilities would remain open.
But that is no longer the case.
Therefore, I shall come directly to the point.
38.
The first step God took in bringing about the fusion
of the geophysical body was an increase in the density of the Earth's
gravitational field.
The immediate effect was straightforward:
the Earth began to rotate upon its axis at an
ever-increasing rate.
Under the pressure generated by that intensified
gravitational field, and much as a powerful gust of wind accelerates everything
lying along the edges of its path, the Earth entered into a progressively
faster rotational motion.
This was the first effect.
39.
As for the fundamental nature of gravitational fields
within a given three-dimensional space, fields whose density may increase or
decrease according to the law of energy transformation, we stand here before
one of the deepest relationships in Creation.
For this relationship between universal energy and
astrophysical matter lies at the very foundation of the expansion of the Cosmos
and the construction of Universes.
Creation itself could not have come into being unless
God possessed perfect knowledge of that cosmological relationship.
The transformation of gravitational energy into
material forces, electric fields, Light, cosmic energy, and all related
manifestations, constitutes one of the principal pillars upon which the entire
edifice of Creation rests.
In the chapters that follow we shall examine what this
relationship entails and what it reveals.
But for now, let us continue.
40.
Consequently, from a state of virtually nonexistent
rotation, such as would naturally characterize an astrophysical body whose core
lay dormant and inactive, the Earth began to rotate upon its axis at an
ever-increasing rate.
God determined that rate of rotation according to
necessity.
The kinetic energy required of the Earth's body had to
correspond precisely to the density attained by its gravitational field.
This relationship between the density of a
gravitational field and the thermodynamic behavior of astrophysical bodies
constitutes one of the fundamental laws governing the behavior of astrophysical
matter.
41.
This, then, was the first stage in the geohistorical
sequence that led to the origin of our Biosphere.
Indeed, the fusion of the Earth's external geophysical
body, its Mantle and Crust, following the activation of the Astrophysical Core,
was immediate.
Let us step, if only for a moment, into the painting
itself and experience from within the Movement whose memory hangs upon the Wall
of Universal History as one of its most extraordinary scenes.
Since we know that Astrophysical Matter responds
directly to Gravity, and since by tracing effects back to their causes we
understand that the kinetic parameters of a stellar body arise from its
relationship to the gravitational field in which it exists, we may open our
minds to the rotational acceleration of the Earth's Core as the direct
consequence of the increase in gravitational density brought about by God.
42.
Once the Earth’s Astrophysical Core had been
activated, the geonuclear transformer began generating within its body the
physical forces proper to its nature: electromagnetic forces and heat.
Immediately, the seismological pulse of the planet's
internal geophysical structure surged into activity.
The Mantle and the Crust experienced in real time the
consequences of two simultaneous processes:
the expansion of the Core set in motion by God,
and the continual increase in temperature generated
within it.
43.
Like the roar of the king of the jungle upon
awakening.
Like the first peals of thunder announcing an
approaching storm.
Like a star upon the day of its implosion.
Like an earthquake of astronomical proportions shaking
the Mantle beneath which the Core had slept for ages.
Thus the Mantle and Crust began to heat, crack, and
resound amid a symphony of earthquakes and volcanoes.
The awakening of that giant sleeping at the heart of
the Earth transformed the planet's surface into an ocean of molten lava,
convulsed by a volcanic activity of indescribable power and beauty.
Like a soldier who, hearing the battle cry of his king
and lord, leaps to his feet, seizes sword and shield, and without hesitation
throws himself into combat, roaring like a volcano and shaking the ground
beneath his stride, so too did that "formless and empty" Earth
become, within a few geological hours, a vast ocean of molten fire.
Beneath its incandescent currents, whole armies of
volcanoes seemed to move in formation, waging battle amid the magmatic waves of
a Mantle that had burst through every outer barrier and now roamed freely
across the face of the Earth.
Gigantic lava tides swept over the planet.
From their crests, masses of magma were hurled high
into the heavens, where they cooled, turned to stone, and plunged back into the
ocean of fire with the roar of a meteor or a comet.
CHAPTER 5.
FUSION OF EARTH’S CRUST
44.
We can now see that, by following the evidence
wherever it leads and allowing observed effects to guide us back to their
causes, the biblical enigma begins to unfold into a coherent geophysical
sequence.
There is little room for contradiction in such a
process. True, those who possess a thing rarely appreciate what others lose;
yet it is precisely by following this line of reasoning that we arrive at the
physical answer suggested by Revelation.
That answer sets in motion a geohistorical sequence
whose principal stages are:
1.
Fusion of Earth’s Primary Crust
2.
Sublimation of the Resulting Proto-Atmosphere
45.
The driving force behind this geohistorical sequence is
Earth’s Core.
God generated the energy required to bring about this
transformation by accelerating the rate of activity of the Core, a
revolutionary acceleration produced by the increase in gravitational density
per astrophysical cubic unit within the Earth's gravitational field.
To express it in practical terms, if we compare the
Geophysical Body to a machine, we might say that God filled the reservoir, the
Earth's gravitational field, with energy, that is, with Gravity. As a
consequence, the operational parameters of the Geonuclear Engine rose
automatically toward the Critical Point of Astrophysical Implosion.
(That this Critical Point
was not exceeded is demonstrated by the effects that followed the sublimation
of the Proto-Atmosphere, which ultimately gave rise to the Polar Ice Caps.
Without them, the Biospheric System would never have appeared; and their disappearance
would entail its irreversible collapse.)
Thus, once the Primary Crust had been transformed into
a global ocean of molten lava, stretching uninterrupted from pole to pole, and
once the Primordial Proto-Atmosphere had risen toward the upper limits of the
planet, the geonuclear body gradually began to reduce its rotational velocity
per geological unit of time.
46.
It was already noon.
The gases produced by the fusion of the Crust had
accumulated around the globe and had given birth to a planetary atmosphere,
primitive in nature yet already containing within itself all the elements
necessary for the future emergence of the Biosphere.
Throughout that morning the atmosphere continued to
grow.
As the hours passed, its expanding volume gradually
concealed beneath its veil the immense sea of magma from which it had been
born.
(As always, we are speaking
in broad strokes, concerned with the whole rather than with every detail;
describing the general process rather than each of its individual stages. All
these events belong to the morning of the First Day. One entire Afternoon still
remained ahead.)
47.
Bearing in mind the mechanics of the fusion of solids,
a lesson taught to schoolchildren since the earliest days of education, we may
dispense with technical details and set aside, for the moment, the complexities
of crystalline structures and the various ways in which chemistry and physics
manipulate them.
Understanding that it was this elementary mechanism
that God applied to the Earth’s Primary Crust, we may affirm, without
succumbing either to the absolutism of scientific reason or to the Nobel-style
dogmatism that so often accompanies academic authority, that the dynamic
stabilization of the Earth's external geophysical structure arose as a direct
consequence of the gradual decline of seismic activity within its interior.
Let us say that the Force with which God played upon
the Earth, as though it were an orchestra of volcanoes performing a unique and
magnificent symphony, after drawing thunder from the drums and sparks from the
cymbals, whether because the performance had reached its conclusion or because
the instruments had accomplished their task, eventually subsided.
And silence descended.
In simpler terms:
48.
In accordance with the law of inertia, the energy
responsible for the fusion of the Primary Crust, having fulfilled its purpose,
gradually returned to the state of equilibrium that had existed before God
opened His mouth and declared:
“Let
there be Light.”
As silence deepened and thickened until it matched the
density of the newly formed Proto-Atmosphere, the red and golden glow of the
molten Primary Crust gradually faded.
Its incandescent brilliance diminished.
Its violence subsided.
And little by little it assumed the appearance and
color of solid volcanic matter.
Thus, as the Afternoon of the First Day of Genesis
drew toward its close, the Earth began to recover the natural equilibrium among
the various parts composing its geophysical body.
49.
The final stage of this process, namely the creation
of the Primordial Atmosphere, involved the sublimation of that Proto-Atmosphere
whose basic chemical composition may be compared to that found in the gaseous
planets whose evolution was not subjected to this extraordinary event.
Nevertheless, we must not overlook the unique
phenomenology to which God subjected the formation of the Earth's Primary
Crust, a subject to which we shall return in due course, according to the
rhythm required by this Introduction.
Continuing, therefore:
Once the Earth ceased to receive energy from an
external source and was effectively isolated from any substantial process of
energy exchange, the Earth's Core, as a consequence of the transformation of
gravitational energy into mechanical forces, entered a potentially dangerous
trajectory toward astrophysical collapse.
This subject likewise will be addressed when its
proper moment arrives.
For the present, what matters is the fact itself:
During the transition from the state of massive fusion
to that of geophysical equilibrium, the Earth's Crust solidified.
And as a direct consequence, the Proto-Atmosphere
entered a phase of rapid sublimation.
50.
By the time Night descended upon the First Day, the
Proto-Atmosphere had been transformed into a mantle of ice.
This mantle extended from Pole to Pole, enveloping the
entire Earth.
And it is this mantle that Genesis identifies as the Light.
In the simplest possible terms:
From fire to ice.
CHAPTER 6.
CREATION OF THE PRIMORDIAL ATMOSPHERE
51.
Naturally, I have traversed this First Day as rapidly
as possible, seeking above all to establish a firm foundation upon which to
build.
My purpose has been to prevent the reader from
becoming lost in the details before first understanding the idea I am
attempting to outline.
The Fusion of the Primary Crust and the Sublimation of
the Primordial Atmosphere were the two principal processes brought about by God
during the First Day.
(The question of duration
remains unknown. I do not intend to assign a specific timescale to any process
carried out by God. For reasons that will become evident as we proceed, my
advice to the reader is not to be overly concerned with chronology either.
Above all, because God is Omnipotent. And once power
is understood as the relationship between force and work, one of the powers
possessed by the Creator is the capacity to accelerate a process to the fullest
extent permitted by its nature. This is the perspective from which I understand
Divine Omnipotence. Naturally, matter itself imposes both upper and lower
limits. That, too, I take for granted.)
52.
But what exactly did God do in order to initiate the
accelerated rotation of the Globe that gave rise to the fusion of its
geophysical body?
Very well, one might answer:
“God spoke, and it was done.”
I am the first to acknowledge that God may do as He
pleases, and that He owes no explanation to anyone.
Yet, having been created in His Image and Likeness, it
is not in my nature simply to turn away from a question whose answer my
intellect longs to understand.
Belief is enough.
More than enough.
But if I can also see, and since it turns out that I
have been given eyes with which to see, then seeing is better still.
So I insist:
What force did God set in motion that was capable of
unleashing such an extraordinary sequence of geophysical events?
What God did at the dawn of the First Day was to
generate an Energy Field.
(We shall later discover that the Divine Nature
itself, and the Essence of the Creator Spirit, are reflected in this very
statement:
God is Energy.
There will be time enough to explore this idea at
greater depth.
Indeed, as our understanding gradually opens itself to
the contemplation of the Uncreated Nature of the Divine Being, we shall see how
Creative Energy is transformed into the natural forces governing the body upon
which the Creative Act is being carried out.)
Thus, the first thing God did at the dawn of the First
Day was to generate an Energy Field.
And the second was to project that Energy Field upon
the Earth.
53.
I have said that the first thing God did at the dawn
of the First Day was to generate an Energy Field, and the second was to project
that field upon the Earth.
I have also affirmed that God is Energy, and that His
physical manifestation occurs through the transformation of that Energy into
the nature of the field upon which His Force is projected.
In the present case, the Earth, the Energy Field
generated by God was transformed into Gravitational Energy.
54.
To describe the process more dynamically, and without
becoming lost in the immense timescales through which science usually
contemplates such events, let us say that the Earth's gravitational field
absorbed that river of Energy and doubled its average density per astrophysical
cubic unit.
This was the first effect.
The second was that God increased the original density
of the Earth's gravitational field precisely to the degree required, according
to His calculations, to bring the Core to its Astrophysical Implosion Point,
the consequence of which would be the fusion of the Primary Crust.
The immediate result of this multiplication of Energy
within the Earth's gravitational field was the acceleration of the planet's
rotational motion.
The Earth began to spin more rapidly.
As we proceed, it will become increasingly evident to
what extent the rate at which gravitational energy is transformed into heat and
mass, and the rotational velocity of a celestial body, are related in much the
same way that fuel and performance are related within any machine.
55.
I realize that, viewed at this pace, and with
gravitational fields being compared to reservoirs that fill and empty, it may
seem that we are not getting very far.
Yet that is precisely what occurred.
The Earth's automatic response to the increase in the
average density of its gravitational field was an immediate acceleration in the
rotational velocity of its Core.
And the Core's response to that increase in rotational
velocity was the generation of heat.
(Whether in a superficial
way or at a deeper level, everyone is familiar with the final result of the
fusion of solids. I mention this in connection with the fusion of the Primary
Crust. Volcanoes provide the most immediate example. The association between
volcanic eruptions and vast masses of gas rising into the atmosphere is one of
the classic phenomena of Nature. The image itself spares us a lengthy excursion
through crystalline lattices and molecular bonds, a fascinating journey for
some, though a tedious one for others.
On an industrial scale, blast furnaces offer another
readily available example. And if anyone wishes to explore the matter in depth,
it is enough to consult a specialist in the natural sciences and ask what
happens when solid matter is subjected to increasing heat. The behavior of
crystalline structures under thermal stress is a subject treated even in the
most elementary manuals of physics.)
56.
The questions that concern us here are the following:
What was God seeking to accomplish by driving the
geophysical transformer to its utmost capacity?
What objective did He pursue by accelerating the
rotational velocity of the Earth's Core and provoking the fusion of the Primary
Crust?
(The other matters I have
left open, the chemical nature of the Primary Crust and the way in which it was
formed, are questions I shall attempt to address later when we reach the
chapter devoted specifically to the Creation of the Earth.
At that point I shall also endeavour to examine the astrophysical nature of the Core and the relationship between
stellar matter and gravitational fields, which lie at the root of the
properties of the Cosmos itself.
To point out, as I have already done, that this
relationship between energy and matter manifests itself in the form of Light
and Heat is not an arbitrary idea. It is simply the most natural and
straightforward way of explaining the fundamental process through which stars
and galaxies originate, and according to whose phenomenology they distribute
themselves and interact throughout the Universe.
But a promise is a promise. I intend to return to
these matters in due course; and if I fail to do so, I hope the reader will
forgive this peculiar weakness of mine when it comes to paying my intellectual
debts.)
57.
Let us return, then, to the thread of the argument and
follow the path that the Light traces for us through the darkness of the
tunnel.
I was saying that once the Core had been activated
through the increase in the gravitational density of the Earth's field, the
transformation of energy into heat gave rise to the fusion of the geophysical
body.
I then asked:
What was God seeking through that fusion?
The answer, based upon the picture presented by the
fusion of the Primary Crust, is straightforward:
God was seeking to produce a chemically predetermined
atmosphere.
In other words, the ultimate objective toward which
the acceleration of the geonuclear transformer was directed was the creation of
the Primary Atmosphere.
(For the sake of clarity,
we shall omit everything related to the immense mathematical apparatus that
would be required to navigate from the initial state to the final result.
The victory achieved implies the successful resolution
of a vast system of unknowns. Given the results that stand plainly before us,
it would be unfortunate to lose the thread of the narrative in considerations
suitable only for specialists.
Nevertheless, it is important to understand that
behind that achievement lay a sea of equations whose successful navigation made
the future possible.
Had the increase in gravitational density exceeded a
critical threshold, the geophysical system would have undergone a
transformation resembling a planetary supernova. The Earth would have
disintegrated into a swarm of meteorites.
But let us return to our subject.)
58.
As Noon of the First Day gave way to Afternoon, the
Earth found itself enveloped within an atmosphere supersaturated with one of
the most abundant elements in the Universe: hydrogen.
In every other respect, however, that atmosphere
remained comparable to those found surrounding the great gaseous planets.
In terms of appearance, one might say that the Earth
passed from the black-and-white austerity characteristic of the Moon's surface
to the brilliant reds of solar eruptions, though now manifested in fluid form.
Gradually, that incandescent world dimmed.
It cooled.
And as cooling progressed, the surface disappeared
behind the veil of an immense cloud layer, enveloping and mysterious, much like
a nebula drifting through space beneath the spell of some invisible
gravitational field.
Or, to put it more simply:
Let us say that it was so.
And let us leave it there.
CHAPTER 7.
THE CREATION OF LIGHT
59.
And so we continue.
(I trust that you have been able to follow my line of
thought thus far, and that the speed with which my mind has attempted to
reconstruct the Memories of our Universe has not caused you undue difficulty.)
Let us proceed.
Once the Earth had transformed the energy supplied by
its Creator into natural forces acting within its geophysical system, and once
the geonuclear implosion had triggered the two mechanical processes already
described, the Fusion of the Primary Crust and the Formation of the
Primordial Atmosphere, the initial sequence reached its completion.
Thereafter, the geonuclear engine gradually reduced
its rate of operation until it attained a new state of equilibrium.
60.
This process can be followed without difficulty
through the principles already familiar to physics.
Indeed, it is enough to reverse the sequence itself.
Reduce the rotational velocity of the Globe.
Reduce the planet's temperature.
And the rest follows naturally.
Child's play perhaps, but only for those children
intellectually capable of perceiving the interplay of forces that constitutes
the System of Creation.
For within that system, God appears as the Universal
Source of Energy, while the gravitational field manifests itself according to
the classical laws governing energy, transforming, in this particular case,
into the natural forces acting upon an astrophysical body.
This transformation lies at the root of universal
motion.
It makes possible the existence of individual
astrophysical systems, whether open or globular, and equally the formation of
structures on the scale of galaxies.
It is therefore not surprising that, taking the Word
as our guide, a truth that will become increasingly evident when we examine the
Creation of the Firmament, God should speak of Gravity as those:
“waters that are above the Firmament.”
In so doing, our Creator invites us to compare Gravity
with the liquid element, a reality familiar to Him and natural to His manner of
expression.
From this analogy:
Gravity = Liquid Fuel
He proceeds to work.
Certainly, Gravity is a singular form of liquid
energy; but we shall have occasion to examine this more closely as our journey
continues.
61.
Thus, once the additional multiplication of the
original volume of the gravitational field, brought about when God said,
"Let there be Light," had been transformed into the work required for
the fusion of the geophysical body, and once the fusion of the Primary Crust
and the geological Mantle had reached completion, the sequence entered a new
phase.
The rotational velocity of the Earth's Core began to
decrease.
And as that velocity diminished, the temperature of
the entire planet declined with it.
The two immediate consequences of this thermal descent
were:
1.
The Formation of the Lithosphere
2.
The Sublimation of the Atmosphere
62.
What I mentioned earlier deserves to be emphasized
once again.
My familiarity with these processes as part of what I
call my Living Memory often leads me to pass too quickly over intermediate
stages that may not appear equally obvious to others.
Allow me, therefore, to clarify.
If I have stated that rotational velocity and the rate
at which Gravity is transformed into Light and Heat are directly related, and
if I now state that the Earth's rotational velocity began to decline, then it
follows that this slowdown necessarily affected the Core itself.
As the Core's rotational motion decreased, descending
from its previous state of activity once the supplied fuel had been consumed in
the conversion of Gravity into Heat, the overall geological temperature of the
Earth also began to fall.
First, the temperature of the Core decreased.
Then that of the Mantle.
And finally that of the Crust.
The immediate consequence of this cooling process was
twofold:
the formation of the Lithospheric Ring and the Sublimation
of the Atmosphere.
It is this sublimation that we shall now examine.
63.
And once again, speaking of the Fusion of the Primary
Crust, I must emphasize the importance of understanding the fusion of solids as
the starting point for grasping the transformation that took place within the
Earth’s crystalline structure as a consequence of the fusion of its primary
geophysical body.
In this regard, the artificial preconceptions that
still dominate modern thought concerning the natural origin of the planets
constitute an obstacle that the reader must overcome.
The archetypal image inherited from the twentieth
century, in which Gravity mysteriously emerges from Nothingness, compresses a
sea of drifting matter conveniently pulled from the hat of whichever
cosmological magician happens to be in fashion, and then, by a sort of
scientific abracadabra, produces a planetary body, belongs more properly
to Alice in the Land of Science Fiction than to any serious attempt at
understanding Reality.
And no more.
64.
Any intelligence that respects both reason and
evidence, working within a system where astrophysical values arise from the
relationship between Matter and Energy, naturally arrives at a different
conclusion.
If Astro iconography is accepted as a reflection of
Reality, then the gradual cooling of stellar bodies necessarily leads to the
accumulation of nebular matter upon their outer surfaces.
From this process arises the natural origin of the
planets.
In the specific case of Planet Earth, however, its
Cosmic Singularity lies in the fact that its Origin was the result of a direct
Application of Creative Intelligence to the matter-energy system itself.
This intervention determined both the primary
geophysical parameters of the Earth and the geohistorical consequences arising
from that Creative Act.
At this point one might reasonably ask:
Why did God not simply work with a planet of purely
natural origin?
That question will receive its answer in due course.
For it belongs to Theology.
It concerns the Why.
Whereas the How belongs to the domain of the
physical sciences.
65.
Returning to our principal subject: by the sublimation
of gases we mean the transition of matter from the gaseous state directly into
the solid state without passing through the liquid phase.
Nature itself provides us with familiar examples every
winter.
Clouds are transformed into snow.
Clouds are transformed into hail.
At the level of everyday observation the phenomenon is
commonplace; at the level of laboratory science, countless variations of the
process may be examined.
Since we lack both the space and the means to
accompany these pages with illustrations, I shall limit myself to a simple
conclusion:
The Mantle of Ice into which God transformed the
Primordial Atmosphere, the great protagonist of the First Day, was the Light
of Genesis.
66.
And here I invite the reader to pause before what may
be the most astonishing mystery of all.
How could a man who lived three thousand five hundred
years ago have conceived a model of the Origin of the Biosphere that can be
summarized as follows?
A. Fusion of the Primary Crust.
B. Formation of the Proto-Atmosphere.
C. Cooling of the Crust and Sublimation of the
Primordial Atmosphere.
Is that not astonishing?
Perhaps I should linger longer over this point.
Or at least I suppose I should.
I trust that there will be opportunities to return to
the question of the cognitive relationship, described throughout this
Introduction, between the thought of Moses and the content of the Hieroglyph we
call Genesis.
67.
In any case, Moses the Hebrew did not establish his
relationship with Universal History through the bridge of Science, but along
the path of Omnipotence and Divine Power.
Omniscience, understood as Science itself, belonged to
God.
For God is the true Author of this Hieroglyph.
Human hands were merely instruments, pens moving
according to the rhythm established by the Thought of the One who stands before
Eternity and sketches Events upon the canvas of the Millennia as effortlessly
as others devise their schemes beneath the gaze of the world.
Two subjects therefore remain before us:
Omniscience.
And Omnipotence.
Two distinct courses in the banquet of understanding,
each to be served in its proper time.
CONCLUSION
It is fitting to sketch, in the simplest and most
natural way possible, the creative sequence underlying the Light of Genesis,
now identified with the great Ring, or Mantle of Ice, from which the Polar Ice
Caps originated.
The significance of these Polar Ice Caps for both the
emergence and preservation of life upon the Earth scarcely needs to be
emphasized.
The great debates of our own time concerning the
thermophysical consequences that would result from their disappearance testify
sufficiently to the necessity of their prior existence before the creation of
the Tree of Species.
Later, when we examine the structure of the Ecosphere,
I shall return to the true magnitude of those consequences.
For the purposes of the present chapter, however, one
conclusion is enough:
From what we see, we may deduce what once was.
In other words:
The present reveals its origin.
PART TWO
THE CREATION OF THE FIRMAMENT OF THE
HEAVENS
CHAPTER 8.
GEOHISTORICAL RECAPITULATION
68.
The surprise produced by discovering this sequence of
geohistorical events, a sequence which the geniuses of the modern world
dismissed as nothing more than the fevered fantasy of a mind lost in religious
delirium, despite its thoroughly scientific structure and development, should
not cause us to lose sight of the complete chain of events.
So far I have touched upon them only insofar as
necessary to provide an overview of the whole.
Let us therefore recapitulate.
69.
First: the controlled
multiplication of the astrophysical density of the Earth's gravitational field
per cubic unit.
As I have already stated, the origin of this
Controlled Multiplication lies in the very Nature of the Divine Being.
70.
Second: the vertical
acceleration of the operational revolutions of the Earth's geonuclear
transformer.
From this followed:
·
the acceleration of Earth
Globe’s rotation upon its axis;
·
the astrophysical
implosion of the Core;
·
and the generation of
planetary heat.
71.
Third: the global
thermodynamic heating of the geophysical body.
This process extended from the Mantle to the Earth's
surface and ultimately produced the Fusion of the Primary Crust.
72.
Fourth: the liquefaction
of the Primary Crust under the combined effects of crustal fusion and the
formation of the Primordial Atmosphere.
(The chemical nature of the
Earth's Atmosphere, unique among the members of its planetary family, presents
a separate problem that I shall not address here, though I intend to return to
it in due time.)
73.
Fifth: once the
transformation of gravitational fuel into heat had accomplished its purpose,
the Earth returned to the hands of Nature, and the changes that followed
proceeded in accordance with the law of inertia.
The first visible effects were:
A. The deceleration of the
operational revolutions of the geonuclear transformer.
B. The decrease in the
rotational velocity of the planet.
C. The corresponding decline
in the Earth's temperature.
74.
Sixth: these effects
generated a new sequence of consequences.
The first of these was the cooling of the Earth's
exterior surface, which ipso facto laid the foundations for the
formation of the outer geophysical ring: the Lithosphere.
75.
Seventh: we may also
describe this stage as the solidification of the Secondary Crust.
Whether one prefers one designation or the other is
largely a matter of terminology.
Later, when we examine the subject in greater depth,
we shall have ample opportunity to distinguish the two.
For the moment, let us simply say that the Lithosphere
stands in relation to the Globe much as the Secondary Crust stands in relation
to the Lithosphere.
In short:
The Secondary Crust constitutes the outer layer of the
Lithosphere.
Consequently, it was the Secondary Crust that became
the first lithospheric layer to solidify.
76.
Eighth: the continuing
decline in geophysical temperature toward its original state, a state that
would never again be fully attained, brought about both the solidification of
the Secondary Crust and the formation of the Lithospheric Ring.
Meanwhile, the Geophysical Architecture continued to
complete itself through the formation of its second ring: the Mantle.
The cooling of the Mantle progressively cut off the
heat source from which the Primordial Atmosphere had previously drawn the
energy necessary to sustain its original condition.
77.
Ninth: cooling
progressing from the exterior toward the interior of the Globe necessarily
transformed the Lithospheric Ring into a thermal barrier.
Its presence prevented the transfer of heat from the
Core to the Atmosphere.
78.
Tenth: thermally isolated
from the Core, the Atmosphere underwent a dramatic and rapid fall in
temperature.
The rate of cooling was determined by the insulating
properties of the newly formed lithospheric structure.
Its volume froze.
The result was the transformation of the Atmosphere
into the great Mantle of Ice that, during the Afternoon of the First
Day, enveloped the entire Earth from Pole to Pole.
As I have already stated:
This Mantle of Ice is the Light of Genesis.
79.
This is the sequence we have now traversed together.
Along the way, I have sought to highlight those facts
that reveal the stature of the Creative Intelligence and its mastery of the
sciences of Space, Time, Matter, and Energy, a mastery comparable to the
fertile soil in which the Tree of the Science of Creation sinks its roots.
In the next section, we shall pause for a moment
before those facts and reflect upon their significance.
CHAPTER 9
THE FIRST LAW OF THE BEHAVIOR OF THE UNIVERSE
80.
God applied to the geophysical system the first of the
laws governing the behavior of the Universe: the transformation of
Gravitational Energy into Light and Heat.
It is upon this first law that God has built the
Architecture of the Heavens.
Through its manifestation in local space, the geometry
of our Universe preserves its stability through time.
I am aware that this may seem a bold assertion to make
so early in the discussion. Yet, as we advance, the image these results seek to
place before the mind will gradually unfold, revealing the magnitude of its
beauty in all its splendor.
81.
Having established this principle, the application of
the first law to the geophysical system naturally invites us to examine the
reactions set in motion within stellar bodies of differing properties when
subjected to the same external influence.
Consider, for example, the sudden irruption into a
stellar system of an energetic current, an intergalactic gravitational stream,
so to speak, crossing the Abysses and gathering along its course whatever
matter lies in its path.
Such a possibility opens before us a field of
reflection whose implications extend far beyond the Earth itself.
82.
Every explanation we formulate from this point forward
must take as its starting point this Historical Event: the multiplication of
the gravitational density of the Earth’s field.
Its implications lead directly to the relationship
between Universal Energy and Astrophysical Matter within the framework of the
production of Light and Heat, the two most immediate manifestations accessible
to our senses.
When I speak of the production of Light, I am
referring to the entire spectrum of stellar radiation that lies at the root of
Cosmic Energy.
The full significance of this relationship between
Gravitational Energy and Stellar Matter will become increasingly evident in the
chapters that follow.
For the present, I shall remain with the facts and
continue to take the multiplication of the original density of the
gravitational field as the point of departure for this New Cosmology.
83.
We have observed, and this observation arises from
reasoning backward from effects to causes, that when the density per
astrophysical cubic unit of a gravitational field is doubled, the thermal
production of the astrophysical transformer increases proportionally.
If we were speaking of a stellar transformer, the
first visible effect would appear in the intensity of the Light emitted.
In the particular case presented by our Creator, Heat
constitutes the most immediate observable consequence, owing to the nature of
the transformer upon which He acted.
(The variety of
astrophysical transformers exceeds the limits of our imagination. Within the
horizon now opening before us, it is reasonable to suppose that this diversity
includes sources of gamma radiation, X-rays, and forms of radiation that remain
beyond our present capacity to define. And after all, how could finite minds
presume to impose limits upon that which has no end?)
84.
This leads us naturally to a new question.
What would happen if, instead of God directing the
process by which gravitational energy is transformed into Light and Heat, a
binary or multiple stellar system were subjected to an uncontrolled increase in
the density of its gravitational field?
And conversely:
What would happen if the rate at which a gravitational
field is transformed into Light, or into any other form of radiation, exceeded
the rate at which energy is supplied to that system?
Would we not then be compelled to reconsider certain
hypotheses concerning the origin of novas and
supernovas?
85.
And here is another question.
Are not the fluctuations in stellar luminosity,
together with the changes observed in orbital periods and cycles, a direct
appeal to our intelligence?
Do they not invite us to contemplate the Universe as
an Ocean of Energy upon whose waters Matter floats?
Is it not remarkable that, when speaking of Himself
and recalling those ancient days, God tells us that He was:
“hovering over the surface of the waters”?
For my part, I have no doubt that the Universal
Gravitational Field may legitimately be conceived as an Ocean of Energy whose
currents act as channels through which Gravity is transferred from one region
to another.
Through this vast system of circulation, God maintains
the geometry of His Creation in perfect equilibrium.
The question before us, however, concerns the
relationship between our universe-galaxy and the outer Cosmos, the realm of the
galaxies themselves.
86.
The question was this:
What occurs when an extralocal current bursts into the boundaries of our Heavens like a whirlwind and throws
an entire region out of balance, either by multiplying the available energy or
by instantaneously increasing the rotational velocity of astrophysical matter?
The purpose of this discussion is to recover, on a
larger scale, the effect experienced by the Earth when God multiplied the
density of its gravitational field.
From that event we derived a principle of direct
proportionality between Heat Production and the Rotational Velocity of the
astrophysical transformer.
This principle leads naturally to a conclusion:
When a star is subjected to a sudden acceleration of
its rotational velocity, the resulting effect should manifest itself as the
creation of a Nova.
And if the body affected is a multiple stellar system,
the consequence may be a Supernova.
We shall have occasion, in due course, to examine the
processes leading to the formation of novas and
supernovas in far greater detail.
CHAPTER 10.
AND THE WORD IS GOD
87.
And now we take up once more the thread that our
Creator has laid before us.
A thread that has always existed, yet which, in His
Foreknowledge, He permitted to remain hidden in Darkness until the Intelligence
of our Civilization had learned to understand the Language of the Science of
Creation.
That being said, we may summarize the sequence of
historical events in which God played the leading role during the First Day as
follows:
A.
Multiplication of the density of the Earth’s
Gravitational Field.
(The origin of this Controlled Multiplication rests in
the Nature of the Divine Being Himself, a Nature that enables Him to serve as
the primordial Source of Energy from which the Cosmic Ocean draws its power.)
B.
Vertical acceleration of the operating rate of the
Central Geophysical Transformer.
From this arose:
·
the acceleration of the
Earth’s rotation upon its axis,
·
the astrophysical
implosion of the Core,
·
and the generation of
planetary heat.
(The correspondence between gravitational density and
stellar rotation lies at the very foundation of the production of Light and the
determination of its intensity.)
C.
Fusion of the Mantle and volcanic liquefaction of the
Primary Crust.
I leave the reader's natural intelligence to establish
the connection between the primary cause and the final effects already
described.
D.
Formation of
the classical Primordial Atmosphere.
By classical I mean the type of rarefied and
turbulent planetary atmosphere typically found among the planets of our Solar
System.
E.
Cooling of the Core and solidification of the
Secondary, or Lithospheric, Crust.
This marked the origin of the Secondary Crust.
It was upon that crust, during the course of its
cooling, that God acted to bring about the formation of the Autonomous
Ecospheric Substrate, a subject that remains ahead of us but which will be
examined in due course.
For the moment, let us simply note that the mid-ocean
ridges stand as evidence of the drag forces that God set in motion.
Their solidification marks the period during which the
geography of the continents was shaped.
The most elementary logic suggests that a semi-liquid
body presents the ideal conditions for removing material from its surface, just
as a sculptor shapes clay before placing it in the kiln.
In this case, the effect of the kiln was provided by
the accelerated solidification of the Secondary Crust.
Why God opened the Atlantic Hemisphere forms part of
the Geophysical Architecture underlying the creation of the Biospheric Plane, a
matter that will be addressed later.
For now, it is enough to observe that the drag forces
responsible for the formation of the Atlantic Channel and the oceanic ridges
left their signatures upon the lithospheric layer as it solidified.
There they remain.
A permanent testimony to Creative Activity at work
upon the continental shelves.
I do not intend, at this point, to discuss the
implications of this model for the theory of Plate Tectonics.
In addition to the Theory of the Biospheric Plane,
further evidence challenging the twentieth-century geophysical model will be
presented in due course.
F.
Sublimation of the Primordial Atmosphere.
As I have already explained, once the Lithosphere
isolated the Primordial Atmosphere from the Core, the ongoing decline in
temperature caused the Atmosphere to freeze and sublimate.
The final result was the formation of a vast Mantle
of Ice which, just as the ocean of lava had once done before it, enveloped
the Earth from Pole to Pole and from East to West.
88.
This Mantle of Ice, which enveloped the planet during
the Afternoon of the First Day, was the Light that proceeded from the lips of
our Creator when He said:
“Let there be Light.”
And it was done.
And so it was.
The alternative would have been absurd.
Descartes’ doubt, when employed as a method for
relating the Intelligence of the Creator to the intelligence of the creature,
ceases to be a method and becomes a wall.
A wall of separation.
A barrier limiting the capacity of science to grow
toward Creative Omniscience.
If earlier I defined Omnipotence as the creative power
capable of reducing the duration of a process to its absolute minimum, I now
define Omniscience as the mastery that God, in His Wisdom, exercises
over all the sciences of Matter, Space, Time, and Energy.
And in making this affirmation, I include sciences
belonging to universes entirely different from our own, concerning which we can
say nothing except that they bear witness to the infinity of His Knowledge.
CHAPTER 11.
THE CREATION OF THE FIRMAMENT
89.
Thus, considering the condition of the Earth at the
close of the First Day, a geophysical globe wrapped beneath the Mantle of Ice
that its Creator called the Light, the planet would have appeared from afar as
an immense sphere of ice floating within the Abyss, like a vast cosmic egg born
in the Darkness.
The next geohistorical sequence foreseen by God was as
follows:
90.
The transfer of the Earth from its region of origin to
its final position within the Heavens.
(The determination of the Earth’s region of origin
will be one of the problems addressed in the chapters to come. I am aware that
the location proposed will provoke a considerable degree of skepticism. For
that reason, I prefer to warn the reader in advance. When the time comes, I
shall confront that challenge with both calmness and confidence.)
91.
The insertion of the Earth into the Solar System and
its establishment within the third orbit.
92.
The sublimation of the Mantle of Ice.
(By sublimation of ice I mean the transition of matter
directly from the solid state to the gaseous state without first passing
through the liquid phase. In this case, the process is the reverse of the
sublimation of gases discussed previously.
If, on the First Day, we observed how God lowered the
temperature of the Globe to the critical point at which the Atmosphere
sublimated, then on this new Day we shall witness the opposite process.
My advice is simple:
Open the eyes of your intellect.
Prepare yourself to contemplate wonders.
And as always, should objections arise, do not be
overly concerned; everything will eventually find its proper explanation.)
93.
The Ice Mantle divides into two great masses and
retreats toward the geographic poles.
(This retreat of the two ice masses toward the future
polar regions corresponds to a geohistorical period whose imprint classical
geology has already placed before everyone's eyes, though viewed from a
different perspective.
I often remind the reader that Science is the ABC of
the Language of Creation.
The opposite attitude, attempting to reshape the
Universe and its History according to the supposed omnipotence of human Reason,
is a form of vanity upon which I shall not dwell.
Science, no less than Theology, has remained subject
to the limitations imposed by the historical consequences of the Fall.
Neither Faith nor Reason should be judged from a
platform of accusation and condemnation.
Had we stood in the place of those who came before us,
we would very likely have done exactly what they did.
Therefore, on a Day such as this, a Day of discovery
and joy, let us not become overly severe.)
94.
The Birth of the Ocean and the Formation of the
Biospheric Atmosphere.
(This Atmosphere is the Firmament of the Second Day.
Soon we shall enter into its geohistorical sequence.
But before the dawn of that Second Day rises and
History draws one step nearer to us, I believe it worthwhile to reflect upon
the place where God created the Light.
I know that more than one reader will throw up his
hands in astonishment and remain speechless.
Yet all one needs to do is open the Gospel and observe
what the Son was doing in order to understand why surprise has always
accompanied His works.)
PART THREE
CREATION OF THE LADDER OF NATURAL
ELEMENTS
CHAPTER 12.ON DARKNESS
95.
The Biblical text does not lie.
On the Fourth Day of Genesis we are told that God
created the stars in order to separate Light from Darkness.
The text declares:
“And God made the two great lights,
the greater light to rule the day
and the lesser light to rule the night, and the
stars;
and He set them in the firmament of the heavens to
give light upon the Earth,
to rule over the day and the night,
and to separate Light from Darkness.”
Who has not read these words at some point in life?
The Author of Genesis first tells us that God created
the Light and then immediately informs us that, once created, He separated it
from the Darkness.
96.
The possibilities before us are therefore remarkably
limited.
God created the Light.
God separated the Light from the Darkness.
And God created the stars to separate the Light from
the Darkness.
The question naturally arises:
What happens if, wherever Moses wrote Light, we
substitute the Mantle of Ice whose creation we have just followed?
Does the picture begin to take shape?
Let us take a sheet of paper.
In one corner, let us draw a circle and call it Earth.
On the opposite side, let us draw another circle and
call it Darkness.
Between them, let us draw a dividing barrier and call
it the Stars.
This is the image that emerges when the Earth is
placed where Moses places the Light.
And in fact, when we lift our eyes toward the sky, we
see that the Heavens themselves function as a dividing wall between the Earth
and the outer Cosmos.
97.
The conclusion follows naturally.
If God created the Light and then separated it from
the Darkness, it follows that the Earth was originally located within the
region from which the stars now separate it.
In other words:
Before the creation of the Light, the Earth existed in
the midst of the Darkness.
98.
I understand that this manner of reasoning may appear
to some readers as an unnecessarily complicated way of making an already
difficult subject even more difficult.
The truth is that, despite my efforts, I cannot find
the complication.
Perhaps that is why I venture so willingly into the
reconstruction of geohistorical events without troubling myself excessively
over the opinions of different ages.
For what truly concerns us here is simple:
Where is that Darkness located?
In what region of the outer Cosmos is that Darkness to
be found which covered the face of the Abyss when God said:
“Let there be Light”?
99.
Revelation tells us only the essential fact.
It informs us of the astronomical distance that God
established between the Darkness and the Light.
It gives us neither numbers nor intergalactic
coordinates.
It simply tells us that God created the Earth and
placed the Heavens between the Earth and its region of Origin.
A marvelous and revolutionary image.
One that leaves us fixed in our seats and places us
precisely where our Creator intended us to stand:
in the midst of the Darkness,
looking upward toward the Heavens.
And after all, what use is it to have our feet firmly
planted on the ground if, in the end, the one whose head is in the stars is the
one who sees furthest?
100.
Another question naturally presents itself.
Did God create the stars merely to separate the Earth
from its region of Origin and draw the Zodiac across the vault of Heaven?
Or did He give the Heavens galactic dimensions for a
deeper purpose?
To answer in the affirmative implies something
extraordinary.
It would imply that a man living three thousand five
hundred years ago understood, without ever observing the Cosmos through the
instruments available to modern astronomy, that our Universe is a galaxy
situated within an ocean of moving galaxies.
And that this was the reason why God gave our Heavens
their immense astronomical dimensions
CHAPTER 13.
THE LADDER OF NATURAL ELEMENTS
101.
But let us continue.
Having followed the sequence through which God created
the Light, a sequence reconstructed by tracing the path laid down in Genesis
itself, and having arrived at the Fusion of the Primary Crust and the
Sublimation of the resulting Primordial Atmosphere, we reached the moment at
which God brought forth the Mantle of Ice that covered the spherical body of
the Earth during the Morning of the First Day.
Without allowing ourselves to become lost in the
mechanics of the process itself, for the nature of those processes belongs to
the natural order of things:
Fusion of the Primary Crust.
Sublimation of the Primordial Atmosphere.
we left certain aspects of Revelation suspended for a
time, waiting for the moment when we could return and place our feet once more
upon solid ground.
102.
And so, returning to the Text, we discovered that the
definition of the Creative Word, whose identity removes it from the realm of
metaphors, hyperboles, myths, and legends, transformed the Light into a kind of
Champollion Key.
Through that key, Revelation is interpreted in a
manner contrary to every theological and scientific opinion maintained up to
the present day.
According to this interpretation, God separated the
Earth from its region of Origin and brought it into the Heavens.
This conclusion emerges from the statement:
“And God saw that the Light was good, and He separated
it from the Darkness.”
Read in this way, the passage compels me to admire the
courage of the human author who dared, without scientific knowledge, to affirm
such a separation of Light and Darkness by the hand of God Himself, Creator of
both the Earth and the Heavens.
Indeed, Moses’ ignorance is precisely where the Wisdom
of the One who dictated the Text reveals itself.
And through his silence, the scribe became the wisest
man of his age.
We shall return later to the question of Moses'
ignorance as God's scribe, for it forms part of the broader question of Divine
Omniscience.
For how could it be otherwise?
Did not everything begin, for us, with the creation of
the Earth?
103.
It is true that some maintain that the real history of
Humanity began even before the existence of the Earth itself.
Yet neither the existence of Humanity is essential to
the existence of the Cosmos, nor is knowledge of the structure of the Cosmos
essential to Humanity's survival.
If Humanity did not exist, the Cosmos would continue
upon its course.
And if Humanity knew nothing of the structure of the
Cosmos, Humanity would still remain what it is.
This does not diminish the value of knowledge
concerning the Universe.
Rather, it clarifies the hierarchy of knowledge.
For the knowledge of greatest importance to Humanity,
as a Being, is the Knowledge of God.
And since the Creator is found in God, then the Science
of Creation accompanies that knowledge as part of the same gift, arriving,
so to speak, with joy included.
104.
Some may ask why God chose to keep the Memory of the
Creation of the Earth and the Heavens in Silence, separating the Creator within
God from the Lord.
This was, in fact, the posture God maintained in
Christ, preserving Faith and Intelligence like two arms joined to the same
body: both born to serve a single Will, yet each moving according to the
guidance of the head, whose thought directs the motion of the whole.
My answer to this question is simple: this is indeed
how matters unfolded.
At the same time, however, I deny that from the
beginning God intended the Knowledge of Himself as Creator to develop under the
conditions imposed by the Knowledge of Good and Evil.
What happened, happened.
There is now no remedy for it.
And because it happened, the formation of intelligence
in the Image and Likeness of the Creator encountered a deviation along its
path.
As a consequence, God was compelled to give priority
to the knowledge associated with the Tree of the Knowledge of Good and Evil
over the Knowledge of the Science of Creation, whose fruit, as experience has
shown, is war.
105.
I do not know whether the reader has fully grasped the
laws of that Science.
For my own part, I believe the nature of its fruit is
already sufficiently clear.
From the knowledge acquired through experience, I can
now write what first took shape, through theoretical understanding, in the
language of the First Man:
“Cursed be he who eats of that fruit, and cursed be he
who gives the fruit of the Tree of the Knowledge of Good and Evil to another.”
This final confession brings me back to the point from
which we began this brief journey: the Separation of the Light which God
carried out after creating it within the Darkness.
When discussing this subject, I pointed out that while
Ignorance possessed its own law, the apparent impossibility of penetrating the
Content of Genesis led some, theologians, and others, scientists, to return the
Book to God wrapped in the paper of myths, legends, metaphors, and symbols.
But now that the Light has been translated through the
Mantle of Ice which, at the close of the First Day, enveloped the Earth's
surface, a Mantle born from the Sublimation of the Primordial Atmosphere and
the Fusion of the Primary Crust, we have little choice but to set fire to the
paper of Theological Tradition and Twentieth-Century Cosmology alike.
Let the paper burn.
Let the ashes scatter.
Let the table be cleared.
And let us return to work using the Information that
God Himself provides in His Book.
I may speak of this matter again in another section.
Indeed, I may already have done so in a previous one.
It does not matter.
I say this not because I belong to those who believe
that a truth becomes more true each time it is repeated and the hammer falls
once more upon the head of the fool of the moment.
I say it because I believe that life is a thought
arising from universal roots.
A dream repeated a hundred times does not become more
meaningful merely through repetition.
Nor does the body lose the benefit of sleep simply
because it ceases to dream.
Not at all.
106.
For although the insignificance of Man before the
Cosmos may be a fact, Truth exists in and of itself, whether or not anyone
remains to contemplate it.
I could cease to exist this very instant.
Yet Truth existed before me.
And Truth will remain after me.
107.
As for my habit of returning repeatedly to a
particular point of reference, whether one today and another tomorrow, it
arises above all from the need to preserve a common ground between writer and
reader.
By its very nature, the essayist tends to lose himself
in the labyrinth of his own thoughts, while the reader tends to anchor himself
to a particular idea.
And given the complexity of the subject before us,
however much I may wish to present it simply, the fact remains that clearing
the worktable of Cosmology and Theology, along with their respective
interpretations of Genesis, in order to make room for the movement of the
Spirit of God's Intelligence in this twenty-first century, requires an effort
belonging as much to art as to science.
Assuming, of course, that writing is an art.
And that giving form to thought is likewise an art.
Personally, I believe both statements to be true.
History itself appears to support them.
The philosophers of the second millennium sharpened
their pens with the discipline of polemic, while the revolutionaries sharpened
their swords with the ideas provided by philosophers.
And on the two occasions when this union achieved its
greatest expression, it gave birth to two Events that permanently altered the
course of History:
The French Revolution.
And The Russian Revolution.
108.
The problem, therefore, lies not in the Word but in
the art of applying the Science contained within it.
In the present case, Truth, not Power, is both
the Beginning and the End.
And because Man is insignificant while Truth is
eternal, human opinion amounts to little more than dust upon the table.
It was precisely in order to clear away that dust that
we restored the Earth to its proper place on the Day when God created the Light
and, having created it,
“separated it from the Darkness.”
109.
Returning, then, to the point of restoration, I shall
simply observe that anyone willing to follow the argument can see that, if the
Light corresponds to the Mantle of Ice that enveloped the Earth at the close of
the First Day, then the Earth necessarily existed within the Darkness before
that separation occurred.
From that region God separated it once the Light had
been created.
That is, once the Mantle of Ice had covered the
Earth's sphere at the end of the First Day.
For three thousand five hundred years the text has
declared:
“And God saw that the Light was good, and He separated
it from the Darkness.”
If He separated it, then it was there.
And if God later created the stars to separate the
Light from the Darkness, as we read on the Fourth Day:
“God made the two great lights, the greater to rule
the day and the lesser to rule the night, and the stars; and He set them in the
firmament of the heavens to give light upon the Earth, to rule over the day and
the night, and to separate the Light from the Darkness.”
Then the image remains unchanged:
Light.
Darkness.
And between them, the Heavens.
110.
Thus, if we translate “Light” as “Mantle of
Ice” within this line of Moses’ Hieroglyph, we arrive at a striking
conclusion: the Earth was located in a Region beyond the Heavens.
A breathtaking conclusion.
Indeed, were it not God Himself who authorizes it, and
were it not His Scribe who records it with the same Rod of Authority that
parted the waters of the Red Sea, our minds would be carried away into the
realm of fantasy.
Where I write:
C = Cosmology
I would instead be forced to write:
F = Fantasy
But since the Door now stands open, let us not
hesitate.
Let us enter.
111.
As for the means by which God transferred the Earth
from its region of Origin to the place it presently occupies, the Author says
nothing.
Nor does he describe the specific nature of the region
in which God created the Earth.
And for the moment, neither shall I.
When the proper time arrives within this Cosmology, we
shall lift the veil.
For now, it is enough to accept the proposition that
God created the Earth beyond our Heavens, beyond the constellations of our
galaxy, in the Abyss clothed in Darkness.
112.
Returning, however, to the formation of the Secondary
Crust and the Sublimation of the Primordial Atmosphere, the fact
that the Earth existed within a region governed by absolute cold provided the
catalyst through which God brought about the creation of the Mantle of Ice.
It is evident that Mars, being situated in a different
environment, did not undergo the same process of atmospheric sublimation that
occurred on Earth.
The uniqueness of the Biosphere among the planets
points toward the existence of a special geohistorical period which, remarkable
as it may seem, Revelation itself attributes to the region in which God created
our world.
This observation leads directly to the question of the
Power of the Creator of the Universe.
For while the sequence through which the Biosphere
came into existence may reveal a scientific order intelligible to the mind, the
enduring mystery concerns the Nature of the Being who not only conceives such
processes but also possesses the Infinite Power necessary to bring them about.
113.
I do not know whether I have said this before, but if
I have not, let me say it now: Power without Intelligence cannot satisfy the
demands imposed by the transformation of Reality.
And conversely, Intelligence without Power remains
trapped in dreams, in fantasies, in answers carried away by the wind.
In the present case, knowing God through Theology and
the Universe through Science, all that remains is to unite them within a New
Science:
the Science of Creation.
And having done so, we must follow its laws and
principles wherever they lead.
Knowing that an atmosphere exposed to a region
governed by absolute cold would sublime and ultimately give rise to a mantle of
ice, and possessing the Power to bring about such a process, God carried it
out.
And God called that Mantle of Ice:
Light.
114.
Yet God prepared the Earth’s integration into the
Heavens before ever opening His mouth and initiating the creative sequence of
Light.
It was not by chance that God encountered a stellar
system whose planetary characteristics were compatible with those of the Earth.
Before entering the ocean formed by the constellations
of the Milky Way, God already knew what He was seeking.
He knew where to find it.
He knew the nature of the Solar System He required.
And He knew these things because He Himself had
fashioned its planetary structure beforehand, ensuring that no rejection of the
Earth's integration into that system would occur.
115.
Genesis rests upon a prior foundation.
The Earth and the Heavens already existed.
Our task has been simply to begin navigating across
their surface.
We could have begun this journey by plunging directly
into the depths of Time.
Instead, I have chosen to follow the route laid out in
advance by God Himself.
Among other reasons, because He knows the terrain
better than we do.
In due course I shall undertake the task of
reconstructing the Creation of the Solar System itself.
Until that time arrives, our first responsibility is
to establish the fundamental laws necessary for understanding a sequence of
events of such profound importance.
116.
Thus, the integration of the Earth into the Solar
System, however natural it may appear to those who associate Divinity
merely with the power to speak and have all things instantly accomplished,
required the solution of an immense sea of equations containing countless
variables and unknowns.
Like every complex system in the Universe, the Solar
System could not accept the incorporation of a new element without itself
undergoing a corresponding transformation.
Keeping this universal principle in mind, God ensured
that the Solar System would neither reject the Earth nor suffer destructive
instability as a result of its integration.
He achieved this by creating the Sun, the Earth, and
the Moon from a single Origin in Space and Time.
117.
Once the Sun and the planets, together with their
moons and rings, had been established, God proceeded to isolate the Earth.
This isolation lies at the root of the Confusion referred to in the Text.
Then, after creating the Light, as we have already
seen, God reunited the Earth and the Sun.
It is upon that reunion that our attention is focused
here.
The integration followed a specific path.
And along that path, the Ice Mantle began its own
journey toward transformation into Air and Water.
It is the description of that journey that will occupy
us in the chapters ahead.
118.
Finally, the consequences of the Earth’s launch along
the northern trajectory, the gateway through which it entered the Sun's
electric field, began to manifest themselves upon the surface of the Ice
Mantle.
The reasons why God chose this particular path are
more complex than those that concern us at present.
For now, our attention should remain fixed upon the
thawing of the Ice Mantle and upon the physical consequences of accelerating
that process to its maximum critical intensity.
It was precisely this acceleration that God sought
when He granted the Earth access through the northern approach.
119.
The truth is that by directing the Earth along the
boreal path, God accelerated the thawing of the Ice Mantle to the greatest
speed permitted by the conditions of the process itself.
The same was true of the evaporation that followed.
The interaction of forces responsible for this
acceleration combines familiar physical processes with others of a more
extraordinary character, pointing toward that elusive Quantum Cosmology that
lies behind the creation of astrophysical matter and the generation of
electromagnetic energy.
The closer the Earth drew to the Sun, the shorter the
distance between them became.
And the more intense the thawing of the Ice Mantle
grew.
It is this rapidity of approach that leads us to speak
of sublimation.
In this sense, the sublimation of the Ice Mantle was a
process of direct evaporation.
To visualize it in its simplest form, one might
compare it to the application of a piece of red-hot iron to a bar of ice.
The Sun was the incandescent iron in God's hand.
The Earth was the bar of ice.
I do not speak merely in metaphor when I say that, had
the process continued indefinitely, the total mass of the Ice Mantle would
eventually have been transformed into Atmosphere.
At first glance, the immensity of the subject creates
precisely that impression.
I believe it is only an illusion.
Yet it is an illusion that invites us to take one step
further.
For the stability of the Universe in general, and of
our Solar System in particular, rests upon two fundamental pillars.
We have already encountered the first:
The transformation of Energy into new forms of Energy.
The second is:
The Electrodynamic Nature of Fundamental Cosmic
Matter.
CHAPTER 14
SECOND LAW OF THE BEHAVIOR OF THE
UNIVERSE
120.
God’s investigation into the behavior of Cosmic Matter
led Him into the realm of Astrophysical Electrodynamics.
In the course of His exploration of Space, Matter, and
Time, undertaken in order to master the Science of Creation and thereby
transform Universal Reality, God observed that fundamental matter, despite its
transformations and dimensional transitions throughout general space, preserves
the essential properties of its atomic nature.
The discovery that these fundamental properties remain
conserved regardless of direction, distance, or scale opened an unlimited
creative horizon before Him.
For if the electrodynamic nature of matter remains
unchanged throughout the transition from the microcosmic to the macrocosmic
realm, then the possibilities available to Creative Intelligence become
effectively boundless.
Indeed, this discovery alone transforms stars and
their organized systems into building materials, a vast field of raw matter
from which constellational structures may be assembled.
121.
Applying this principle to the present discussion, we
arrive at the following conclusion.
If the First Law, the transformation of Gravitational
Energy into Light, prevents the Universe from collapsing infinitely into a
primordial nucleus because the energy involved does not remain static within
the equation, then the Second Law prevents the opposite danger: destruction
through dispersion.
This Second Law, namely the Electrodynamic Nature of
Gravitational Fields, achieves that stability by establishing an electrodynamic
network of relationships among celestial systems.
In other words:
while the transformation of Gravitational Energy into
Light and Electromagnetic Forces continually alters the energy balance of the
Universe, the laws of Electrodynamics simultaneously preserve cohesion and
concentration throughout the Cosmic Structure.
Thus one law opposes absolute contraction.
The other opposes absolute dispersion.
122.
The activation of this Electrodynamic Barrier
ultimately permits the existence of gravitational currents surrounding vast
astrophysical structures.
Within this framework, celestial bodies behave
analogously to molecular particles within larger organized structures, and
astrophysical systems become the cosmic equivalent of molecular architectures
operating on a universal scale.
123.
The visible expression of these two laws may be
observed within our own stellar system.
On the one hand, the magnetic field acts as a bond
between the Earth and the Sun, a phenomenon repeated throughout the planetary
family.
On the other hand, the electric field establishes a
barrier between them.
Expressed poetically:
As the Earth was being cast toward what appeared to be
an impossible encounter ending in destruction, the positive nature of its
spirit transformed danger into admiration when equilibrium between opposing
signs resolved the conflict.
But let us continue.
124.
In relatively simple terms, I shall now reconstruct
the opening stage of this new geohistorical sequence that unfolded during the
Second Day.
Returning to the main theme, the incorporation of a
new planet into the Solar System required the system itself to integrate a new
transformer of gravitational energy possessing its own unique characteristics.
It is difficult to determine precisely how this
altered the relationships within the planetary family.
Yet this was a problem God already understood.
Drawing upon that knowledge, He resolved every
variable before acting.
The proof of the success of His mathematics lies
before our eyes.
The results are visible.
For now, our attention will remain focused upon the
Earth and upon what its integration into a shared gravitational field meant for
its physical body.
125.
I shall begin with a simple observation.
Any astrophysical body that remains isolated from all
others is limited to consuming its own energy resources.
While the Earth remained isolated in its region of
Origin during Day Zero, it drew energy only from its own gravitational field.
The low rate of transformation within the Core
maintained the rotation of the planet at a stable minimum.
The problem was that the gravitational field continued
increasing the Earth's mass through its black-hole effect.
The Earth therefore had good reason to remain in a
state of Confusion.
126.
And God says that it was empty because the Earth could
not escape that situation by its own means.
Only by being connected to a wider network of energy
could it avoid the fate toward which it was moving.
When God returned and doubled the energy contained
within its field, accelerating the rotation of its outer body, He broke that
condition.
From that intervention followed:
·
the Fusion of the Primary
Crust,
·
and the creation of the
Mantle of Ice that enveloped the Globe at the end of the First Day.
127.
When the supplied energy had been transformed into
Heat, and Earth’s Core had returned to a new state of equilibrium at the close
of the First Day, the Earth entered the Solar System at the dawn of the Second
Day.
At that moment it found itself in a situation
comparable to a transformer suddenly connected to a power grid.
The first reaction of the Core was to move from a slow
operating state to a more advanced one.
We can understand this by recalling how the variation
in available energy affected the Earth at the beginning of the First Day.
From this observation a general principle may be
deduced:
The Core is the engine that sustains stellar motion.
128.
The motion of the stars, and indeed of all bodies in
the Universe, possesses a common characteristic.
They rotate upon their axes.
As observed in rotating aircraft such as helicopters,
rotational motion naturally generates lift.
From this observation arises the idea that stars and
stellar systems follow an upward trajectory through the Cosmos.
It is almost as though the Universe itself were
engaged in an eternal ascent.
But let us return to the point at which we left this
Narrative.
CHAPTER 15
THE CREATION OF THE CONTINENTS AND
OCEANS
129.
We have said that God created the Earth in Darkness
and that, having created the Mantle of Ice, which He calls Light in His Book,
He separated it from the Darkness and placed it within the Heavens, where it
remains to this day.
I believe I also remarked that the first effect
experienced by the Earth as a consequence of that integration may be compared
to the effect produced when a transformer is connected to an electrical
network.
And just as at the dawn of the First Day, so too at
the dawn of the Second Day, the immediate consequence of that integration into
the field of the Solar System was an increase in the rotational velocity of the
Globe, an external manifestation of the increase simultaneously experienced by
its Core.
130.
Now, since the natural path between two mutually
attracting points is a straight line, and since movement within a gravitational
field resembles the motion of a liquid within a vessel, the approach of an
external body toward an astrophysical body tends naturally toward orbital
motion around the attracting star.
But because God excluded the possibility of
approaching along a planetary orbit, the Earth's trajectory could only assume a
parabolic form.
And that, indeed, was the path it began to trace under
the effect of the instantaneous acceleration imparted to its rotation.
This constitutes the first stage in the Earth’s flight
toward its Biospheric Orbit.
131.
To the first effect already described, represented by
the law governing the flight of helicopters, we must now add the influence of
the corresponding electric fields involved in the process.
Every electromagnetic field consists of two
components:
·
the magnetic force acting
at a distance between bodies;
·
and the electric force
responsible for positioning them around a central nucleus.
In the case of the Earth's launch, it is the magnetic
force, acting together with the law of rotational motion, that governs the
trajectory.
The resulting interaction traces the parabolic path
followed by the Earth from beyond the Solar System toward the northern pole of
the Sun, which serves as the point of entry.
132.
The activation of the second electromagnetic force,
the electric force, gave rise to an inversion band at the event horizon as the
Earth continued its approach toward the Sun.
Upon entering this region, the equivalence of
electrical signs between the respective fields altered the trajectory.
The Earth ceased its ascent and began its descent
toward its Biospheric Orbit.
(Whatever the equations governing the masses involved,
the exchange of energies between the bodies of a Solar-type system, or the
distance travelled during the approach, the practical consequence experienced
by the Earth was the overheating of its Core. This overheating generated the
sequence of thermonuclear waves that determined the thermodynamic state of the
Mantle.)
133.
The principal consequence of the transformation of the
Mantle into a thermonuclear reaction mass, a process already discussed when
examining the creation of the Ice Ring, was the fusion of the Lower
Lithosphere.
(The Lower Lithosphere refers to the geophysical zone
of contact with the Upper Mantle.
It should be remembered that the division of the
Earth's body into three major regions, together with their intermediate zones
of contact, is not an arbitrary feature of Nature.
Within this structure, what is commonly called the
Outer Core belongs to the transition zone between the Core itself and the
Mantle.
Because the Core is the stellar body around which the
planet is organized, and because it functions as the Transformer of
Gravitational Energy into Heat, the physics of the Outer Core corresponds
closely to the state of matter within the Lower Mantle.
This may be pictured as compressed matter existing in
a quasi-gaseous condition around a small stellar body.
Such an image, however, remains only approximate and
does not adequately describe the oscillatory band within which the Core moves,
producing, as mentioned elsewhere, the flattening of the Globe through its
oscillation.)
But let us return to the main point.
PART FOUR
CREATION OF THE BIOSPHERE
CHAPTER 15
THE CREATION OF THE CONTINENTS AND
OCEANS
134.
Under different circumstances, the heating of the
Upper Mantle, the thermonuclear reaction mass that serves as the source of
Global Geological Volcanism, would eventually have reached the Outer
Lithospheric Ring.
Yet the presence of the Ice Mantle above the
Lithosphere altered the situation.
Because the Lithospheric Ring remained buried beneath
that vast sheet of ice, its structure retained its solid state, even while the
Secondary Crust was subjected to the increasing temperatures of what had
effectively become a planetary pressure chamber.
It was inevitable, however, that the temperature
within that immense geophysical vessel could not continue rising indefinitely.
135.
Modern geophysics constructed its model of the Earth
upon the assumption of a cold and mechanically passive Core, active only
through thermodynamic reactions attributed to gravitational pressure acting as
a compressive force.
A theoretical model was required to explain the
persistence of geophysical heat and the volcanic activity of the Lithosphere.
When seismic imaging revealed an internal thermal
structure whose temperatures increased from the exterior toward the interior,
that evidence appeared to validate the prevailing model of geonuclear heat
generated by mass pressure.
That model, in turn, became linked to theories
describing the origin of stellar matter as the result of concentrations of dust
drifting through gravitational fields across the stellar seas.
The reader will forgive my skepticism.
136.
And from this union was born, almost by magic, an
Ecosphere governed by equations of remarkable precision.
Yet because such precision seemed difficult to
reconcile with a purely accidental origin, suspicion inevitably arose.
Instead of continuing the search for a Geophysical
Model capable of explaining the Thermodynamic Equilibrium of the Biosphere,
many preferred to remain with the familiar model, however incomplete it might
be.
137.
Yet the question remains.
How can a planet lacking a continuing source of heat
remain thermally active for millions of years?
How can the fossil record reveal what appears to be an
Ecospheric Thermodynamic Cycle extending across geological ages?
Once the idea that geonuclear heat originated solely
from material pressure had been elevated to the rank of dogma, and in the
absence of an alternative theory, many chose the certainty of what they already
knew over the uncertainty of what remained to be discovered.
Hence the challenge posed by this New Cosmology:
that the Core of every planet behaves as a stellar
body, transforming Gravitational Energy into Heat.
138.
We were saying that the geonuclear heat released as a
consequence of the Earth’s integration into the Solar System accumulated
between the Mantle and the Crust.
Had no outlet existed, that accumulation would
eventually have produced a catastrophic explosion capable of destroying the
geophysical body itself.
The problem, therefore, was clear.
Without destroying the Lithosphere, God had to
fracture the immense Ice Mantle beneath which the growing thermonuclear
reactions threatened to destabilize the entire system.
The solution lay in the interaction between the
Earth's geophysical body and the magnetic attraction exerted by the Solar Field
as the Earth crossed the region of interaction between their respective
electric fields.
139.
The origin of the chain of thermonuclear reactions
that maintains Mantle activity must be studied within the framework of the
Geophysical Architecture we are developing.
This includes:
·
the propagation of
thermonuclear wavefronts through the Lithosphere;
·
the formation of
convection pathways through which magmatic heat is released;
·
and the relationship
between the Core and the irregular geoid form of the Earth's Crust.
This latter question leads naturally to the idea that
the oscillation of the Core within the Mantle contributes to the equatorial
bulge of the planet.
It also suggests the existence of an intermediate
geophysical ring between the Outer Core and the inner region of the Mantle, a
ring existing in a chromospheric state whose
characteristics will be explored elsewhere.
But let us return to the central argument.
140.
To summarize: once the Earth had been launched toward
the Sun, it entered the region where their respective electric fields
interacted.
This interaction triggered the natural response that
occurs between fields bearing similar electrical signs.
The same operational principle governing the stable
orbits of particles around an atomic nucleus must, according to this model,
also be applied to the structure of the Solar System.
Simple though it may seem, the argument proposes that
planetary configuration itself follows the laws of Electrodynamics.
Within this framework, the Earth's orbit appears as a
natural consequence.
141.
It is remarkable that, despite recognizing
similarities between atomic structure and the Solar System, as well as between
intra-atomic forces and systemological electromagnetic forces, twentieth-century science hesitated to pursue the
conclusion implied by its own observations.
The answer stood before their eyes.
Yet they judged it too simple.
Instead they sought a Theory of Unification capable of
reconciling gravitational and electromagnetic fields while simultaneously
excluding the electrical component from their interpretation of planetary
dynamics.
A strange paradox indeed.
For if geonuclear heat truly originated solely from
material pressure, one must ask:
Why has that same pressure not caused the planetary
masses to collapse into the Sun during the immense ages through which the Solar
System has remained active?
142.
The usual answer appeals to centrifugal effects.
Yet orbital permanence raises questions that cannot
easily be dismissed.
If another force must ultimately be invoked, then the
search for a unifying principle becomes unavoidable.
Within this model, electrical repulsion between fields
of the same sign directs the Earth toward its stationary orbit.
In practical terms, its effect resembles that of an
accelerated centrifugal force.
Had magnetic attraction not acted simultaneously as a
braking mechanism, the Earth might have been hurled outward beyond its
designated orbit.
The interaction between the respective magnetic fields
provided the stabilizing force that anchored the Earth in its proper position.
This interaction also affected the Lower Lithosphere.
The roots of the great mountain systems were torn
upward from the Upper Mantle.
The hammer had struck the ice.
The process had begun.
The Ice Mantle, which God called Light,
fractured.
Through those fractures the heat accumulated within
the Earth's interior finally found an outlet.
Lava emerged.
Gases emerged.
Ice became water.
And thus began the geohistorical sequence from which
Air and Water first appeared.
But before moving further, let us return to the
reaction of the Ice Mantle as the Earth approached the Sun.
PART FIVE
CREATION OF THE ECOSPHERE
CHAPTER 16
SUBLIMATION OF THE ICE SHEET
143.
There are two ways of accomplishing a task.
One is to allow the law of Time to follow its natural
course.
The other is to accelerate that course through the
means available.
Had God chosen the first path, the Ice Mantle would
gradually have responded to solar energy by melting. It would have divided into
two great masses, and over time those masses would have retreated toward the
polar regions.
The waters of the first Ocean would have evaporated.
The Ocean would have divided and multiplied.
From the Oceans, the Seas would have emerged.
But God knew a faster way.
Why melt the Ice Mantle slowly when He could achieve
the effect of red-hot iron applied directly to a block of ice?
This effect is what we call the Sublimation of Ice.
The immediate consequence of the Earth-Sun encounter
under the conditions already described was precisely an accelerated sublimation
of the Ice Mantle.
Solar energy acted like incandescent iron pressed
against its surface.
The Mantle fractured into two immense masses.
And from that fracture arose the Biospheric
Atmosphere.
(When I refer to the
conditions already described, I am speaking of the access parabola that
temporarily brought the Earth closer to the Sun than its eventual stationary
orbit would allow.)
144.
I have already explained that the Sun’s gravitational
attraction was the counterforce generated by the process that drove the Earth
toward its Biospheric Orbit.
This attraction, arising from magnetic coupling
between the two fields, released the foundations of the great mountain systems.
Perhaps uplift is the most suitable geological
term.
The process was driven by the heating of the
geophysical structure itself.
As the Mantle cooled, the Lithospheric Ring solidified
and the contact layer became a single continuous structure.
When the Earth entered the Solar System, the Core
heated once more.
The Mantle expanded.
And thermal pressure generated expansion waves moving
from the center toward the exterior.
By themselves, these forces could not overcome a
lithosphere imprisoned beneath an Ice Mantle which, although sublimating at its
surface, remained frozen throughout its interior.
145.
The solidity of the Ice Mantle caused heat to
accumulate within the Earth.
This accumulation generated widespread seismic
activity.
Originating within the Mantle and propagated through
continuous thermonuclear sequences, the resulting energy heated the Crust and
opened pathways through which heat could escape.
As the upper zone of the Mantle fused with the lower
zone of the Crust, thermal pressure began lifting the foundations of the great
mountain systems.
Around these structures, geonuclear heat found routes
to the exterior.
Thus, while solar energy worked from above,
geophysical energy worked from below.
The Ice Mantle cracked.
Through those fractures, gases escaped and contributed
to the continuing formation of the Atmosphere.
146.
As the Earth withdrew to a greater distance from the
Sun, sublimation slowed and gradually gave way to thawing.
The combined thermal pressure acting from above and
below transformed Ice into Water.
Given the temperature of the Globe, the result was the
birth of an Ocean extending across the equatorial and tropical regions.
At the same time, the two great ice masses continued
their retreat toward the geographic poles.
The waters of this Mother Ocean became the
waters beneath the Firmament.
And the Firmament itself, standing between the waters
above and the waters below, was the Atmosphere.
147.
The identification of the Firmament resolves many
questions.
First:
If the waters beneath the Firmament are the waters of
the Mother Ocean, then the waters above the Firmament correspond to the waters
of the Solar Gravitational Field.
This insight invites us to approach Gravity from the
perspective of fluid behavior.
The resulting image is that of the Universe as an Ocean
of Energy upon whose waters float the continents and islands of Creation,
namely the Astrophysical Systems.
Much remains to be said about this Ocean.
For now, however, the image helps us understand
gravitational behavior through the familiar phenomenology of fluids subjected
to internal and external forces.
148.
In summary:
The Light was the Mantle of Ice that enclosed the
remainder of the geophysical structure at the close of the First Day.
Its creation resulted from:
A. The Fusion of the Primary
Crust.
God initiated this process by accelerating the
Geonuclear Pulse of the Globe.
That acceleration was itself the consequence of
increasing the density of the Earth's Gravitational Field per astrophysical
cubic unit.
149.
At the dawn of the Second Day, the Earth and the Sun
were reunited.
God then initiated a new sequence of events.
The first was the sublimation of the Ice Mantle.
The Mantle fractured.
The Atmosphere was born.
Its expansion, combined with the gravitational forces
associated with the Earth's stationary orbit, generated an extraordinary
physical acceleration.
The two resulting ice masses began their retreat
toward the geographic poles.
Between them remained the waters of the Mother Ocean
whose evaporation continued nourishing the growing Atmosphere.
This Atmosphere is the Firmament of the Second
Day.
150.
Once the Firmament is identified, the movement of the
Spirit of God upon the Waters becomes intelligible as movement throughout Space
itself.
From here we enter into the study of Gravity through
analogies drawn from the behavior of fluids.
Thus the Universal Gravitational Field appears as an
Ocean.
Within that Ocean, Stellar Systems emerge as
continents and islands.
And their stable positions within local galactic space
make celestial navigation possible.
151.
Fire.
Ice.
Water.
Air.
These are the first rungs of the Ladder of Natural
Elements we have begun to climb.
The next requires no introduction.
And so, by way of conclusion:
A. Fusion of the Primary
Crust.
B. Sublimation of the
Primordial Atmosphere.
C. Thawing and Retreat of
the Ice.
D. Formation of the
Biospheric Atmosphere.
CHAPTER 17
CREATION OF THE BIOSPHERIC
INTERRELATIONSHIP SYSTEM
152.
Our ascent up the Ladder of Natural Elements now
reaches its conclusion, and before us opens a new path.
Ice, Water, and Air had already taken their places.
Everything stood ready for the great transition from
inorganic matter to organic life.
(It was at this point that
Faith and Reason lost their way, embarking upon paths that would eventually
diverge in directions as opposite as they were self-destructive.)
Speaking of the evolution of species, the biblical
sage par excellence cast a stone into the waters of thought when he wrote:
“To exercise His judgment, the elements themselves
entered into agreement, just as the notes of a psaltery blend into an
unchanging harmony.”
And elsewhere:
“Land creatures become creatures of the waters, and
those that swim walk upon the earth.”
These are the words of a man who lamented the
loneliness of genius, yet who in his finest moments anticipated the scientific
spirit by declaring that God had granted him:
“the true knowledge of things, the constitution of the
Universe, the power of the elements, the beginning, the end, and the middle of
time.”
Had Faith and Reason listened more attentively to
Solomon’s confession, it is reasonable to wonder whether the conflict between
Christianity and Science would ever have reached the extremes seen during the
opening decades of the twentieth century.
Returning to the evolution of the Tree of Life:
Roots come first.
Every tree begins from a seed.
And if the Mother Cell, the Seed of Life, originated
in God, then the biohistorical sequence we are following leads to a simple
conclusion:
God planted the Seed of the Tree of Species beneath
the waters of the Great Ocean.
Plants therefore came first.
From this underwater kingdom, and as successive
branches adapted to terrestrial life while the waters of the Great Ocean
continued their retreat, there emerged the kingdom of terrestrial plants.
The process reached completion when photosynthesis
transformed the composition of the Atmosphere itself.
153.
This biohistorical transition took place during the
Evening of the Third Day.
We have already seen how the breaking of the Ice Sheet
produced two immense polar masses, and how their gradual retreat toward the
poles, together with evaporation from the Great Ocean and the uplift of the
mountain systems, caused the multiplication of the Ocean into oceans and the
division of the oceans into seas.
As the waters gradually receded, marine vegetation
adapted to terrestrial conditions.
In time, the prehistoric atmosphere gave way to the
historical atmosphere, whose principal component became oxygen.
At the same time, the primitive plant fibers of the
underwater substrate gradually acquired the characteristics of terrestrial
forests and trees.
With the emergence of the Kingdom of Trees, God
completed the structure of what I call the Biospheric Interrelationship
Plane.
Before carrying this narrative into the Heavens once
again, I shall pause for a moment upon that Plane.
154.
The autonomy of the Biospheric Interrelationship Plane
may be summarized in a single statement.
The polar ice caps became the two principal
thermoregulatory centers of the Ecospheric System.
God made the thermal equilibrium of the Biosphere
dependent upon these centers.
And in order to stabilize the thawing of those
thermoregulatory masses, He made them dependent upon the Earth's angle of
rotation.
But let us proceed step by step.
155.
Imagine for a moment that the Earth were perfectly
flat and remained forever at the same distance from the Sun.
What would happen?
How long would it take the Sun to raise the oceans to
the boiling point?
How long before they became a planetary cauldron?
How many geological hours would pass before the
Atmosphere lost its thermodynamic equilibrium?
How long before its structure collapsed because the
Earth's angle of rotation lacked a regulating mechanism?
Suppose the two polar thermoregulatory centers did not
exist.
How long would it take for the temperature of the
oceans and Atmosphere to rise by ten degrees?
How would such a rise affect marine life?
And if human beings perished from recurring heat
waves, how many would die as temperatures continued to climb year after year?
156.
What has happened throughout the long ages of Earth’s
history has been precisely the opposite.
The ecospheric cooling centers have remained active.
They have maintained the thermal stability of the
Biosphere.
Naturally, as their mass diminished, the general
temperature tended to increase.
Yet by linking biospheric temperature regulation to
these polar cooling centers, the Creator was obliged to provide them with a
permanent geophysical foundation.
I call that foundation the Autonomous Ecospheric
Substrate.
Its existence is directly related to the equations
governing the permanence of the Earth's angle of rotation.
CHAPTER 18
THE AUTONOMOUS ECOSPHERIC SUBSTRATE
157.
The Earth revolves around the Sun.
We have seen that God made the thermodynamic stability
of the Biosphere dependent upon the polar masses.
It is now time to examine the mechanism that maintains
the stability of the polar ice caps.
Everything suggests that temperature and rotational
inclination are directly related.
Yet the Earth moves within a gravitational environment
subject to disturbances originating from the central star itself and from its
interaction with the sidereal system of which it forms a part.
These influences tend naturally toward rotational
instability.
They are reflected in the oscillatory motions
exhibited by the Sun itself.
(By the Sun’s wobble I mean
the phenomenon by which its rotational axis appears to sway alternately from
one side to the other, much as a person under the influence of drink staggers
from left to right. This oscillatory motion is reflected with particular
clarity in the rotational behaviour of Mars and, by
all expectations, should also be the natural state of the Earth’s rotational
axis.)
If the oscillation of planetary axes is the rule, then
Earth appears to be the exception.
And this exception becomes crucial once we recognize
the direct relationship between temperature and rotational inclination.
If the Earth were fully subject to the law of solar
wobble, the regions exposed to solar energy would continually change.
The melting of the polar caps would become irregular.
Yet this is not what we observe.
Which leads us to a simple question:
Why does the Earth continually present the same angle
of rotation to the Sun?
158.
There is an explanation for this peculiarity.
The answer lies in the law governing the inclination
of a rotating body toward the hemisphere containing the greater concentration
of mass.
Experience provides countless examples of this
phenomenon.
Its description is not difficult.
Imagine spinning with your arms extended while holding
a heavy encyclopedia in one hand.
Would not the arm carrying the weight naturally tend downward under the load it supports?
The examples may vary.
The principle remains the same.
Once the law itself is understood, its application
follows naturally.
Now let us apply it to the Earth.
Take a globe.
Place it on a table.
Observe the distribution of the continents.
Is not the great continental mass concentrated
primarily in one hemisphere?
And is not the opposite hemisphere largely occupied by
the waters of the Pacific?
The encyclopedia has already been placed in one hand.
All that remains is to set the globe spinning.
What effect should we expect?
159.
It was precisely this effect of rotational inclination
toward the overloaded hemisphere that God sought when He concentrated the great
continental mass within a single hemisphere of the Earth.
The result was a fixed angle of rotation.
Why was this necessary?
Because the stabilization of the Biospheric
Interrelationship Plane required it.
The creation of a stable thermodynamic platform was
one of the fundamental necessities of biological evolution.
By concentrating the pentacontinental mass within a single hemisphere, God ensured that the region of the Earth
exposed to solar energy would remain essentially constant.
From this optical constancy arose thermal constancy.
And from thermal constancy came stability in the rate
of melting of the polar ice caps throughout geological history.
(These conclusions are so simple and natural that they
will undoubtedly appear heretical to advocates of plate tectonics. But such
things are inevitable. Matters of taste have never been easy to reconcile.)
CHAPTER 19
THEORY OF GEOPHYSICAL RINGS
160.
I have argued that, by stabilizing the Earth’s angle
of rotation through the concentration of continental mass within a single
hemisphere, God achieved a constant angle of solar incidence upon the polar
regions.
From this effect, He secured the gradual thawing
process required to grant the Tree of Species the time necessary for its full
development.
I have also emphasized that this architectural
interpretation inevitably conflicts with the theory of continental drift.
It could hardly be otherwise.
Continental drift neither explains the constancy of
the Earth’s rotational inclination nor, indeed, accommodates its existence.
Nor does it adequately resolve the many questions
posed by the structure and morphology of the Lithosphere itself.
To deny such questions in order to preserve a
preferred model is, unfortunately, an attitude that modern thought too often
adopted as a philosophical principle.
161.
Setting controversy aside and considering the material
expression of the mathematics underlying the Autonomous Ecospheric Substrate,
the geophysical architecture approved by God presents itself as a system of
concentric rings.
Within this structure:
·
the Lithosphere functions as a solid ring rotating uniformly;
·
beneath it lies the
magmatic ring known as the Mantle;
·
beneath the Mantle exists
a Chromospheric Ring;
·
and at the center stands
the Microstar constituting the Core.
The Core oscillates within the gravitational currents
that form its orbit.
Within such a configuration, it is no accident that
the temperature of the Core's surface equals that of the Sun.
Nor is it accidental that, by maintaining a constant
lithospheric temperature, the oceans behave in a manner analogous to the
cooling water circulating through a nuclear reactor.
(Whether this equality between the Core and the Sun
applies only to Earth or to every planetary member of the Solar System remains
uncertain. Should it prove unique to biospheric systems, it would point toward
a law linking stellar properties, planetary distance, and thermodynamic
equilibrium. For now, however, what matters most is understanding the
interaction between the Sun and the Earth.)
162.
At this point you may tell me that what I am
describing resembles a gigantic bearing assembly.
The Mantle acts as the moving ring.
The Lithosphere acts as the outer wheel.
And I would agree with the comparison completely.
You may then ask an even better question:
How does such a pressure vessel avoid exploding?
A subtle observation.
And one that deserves credit.
Yet the answer is found all around us.
Volcanoes.
Are not the release points of geonuclear heat
remarkably stable?
And are they not determined by the circulation of
electromagnetic currents throughout the geophysical system?
CHAPTER 20
THEORY OF THE SEISMOLOGICAL FLOTATION
SYSTEM
163.
Although it may seem unnecessary, let us begin once
more from the beginning.
On the First Day, our Creator doubled the energy
density per astrophysical cubic unit of the Earth's gravitational field.
The immediate response of the Core, then in a cold
state, was activation.
It began transforming that energy into Heat.
The Mantle liquefied.
The Primary Crust melted.
And once these processes had run their course, the
Core cooled once more, causing the Crust to solidify and giving rise to the
geophysical ring we call the Lithosphere.
Had the Earth remained in its region of Origin, the
continued cooling of the Core would eventually have caused the Mantle itself to
solidify.
Scripture tells us that this did not happen.
For God separated the Earth from its region of Origin
and placed it within a gravitational field of stable density:
the Solar System.
164.
Once within the sphere of influence of the Sun, the
geonuclear transformer was reactivated and attained a stable operating
temperature corresponding to that of the stellar environment in which it had
been placed.
The integration of the Earth into the Solar System
halted the solidification of the Mantle.
At the same time, it preserved the solidity of the
Lithospheric Ring.
From that moment onward, the Lithosphere rotated as an
independent structure above the magmatic body beneath it.
At least, broadly speaking.
165.
Given the continual production of heat within the
Core, the laws of physics require us to envisage an intermediate chromospheric zone between the Core and the Mantle.
Within this region the Core oscillates.
And that oscillation, responding to the gravitational
variations previously discussed, contributes to the polar flattening
characteristic of the Earth.
(In this respect, the oscillation of the Core depends
upon its own heat-production mechanism as well as upon its interaction with the
thermonuclear waves associated with volcanic activity. The morphology of the
Core itself remains a separate subject whose clues can be inferred from the behaviour of the geophysical body as a whole. That discussion must be left for another place.)
166.
This geophysical structure naturally leads us to a
question.
How does the Earth release the internal heat trapped
beneath the Lithosphere?
This is not a question of theory.
It is a question of observable fact.
Although the Lithosphere rotates as a stable ring
above a magmatic substrate, its body is equipped with an extensive system of
flotation channels through which geonuclear heat is continuously released.
To speak of volcanoes is therefore to speak of the
entire seismological mechanism associated with this architecture, a mechanism
both magnificent in appearance and precise in execution.
Which immediately raises another question:
Why are the outlets of this flotation system aligned
with the great mountain systems?
167.
The correspondence between seismological lines and the
major mountain chains is explained by the physics of gravitational uplift.
Any geophysicist familiar with the phenomenon can
describe its basic behaviour.
More importantly, the objection that such a system
would inevitably experience thermal runaway is answered by the constant
temperature of the ocean floor.
The oceans continually absorb and regulate the heat
released through the Lithosphere.
Without that equilibrium, the geophysical structure
itself would eventually collapse.
Indeed, one may compare the process to the cooling
systems used in nuclear reactors, where flowing water prevents destructive
temperature escalation.
168.
This autonomous geophysical system, source of so many
intellectual headaches, is completed by a planetary structure at once unique,
extraordinary, and profoundly elegant.
But let us begin with a law.
If every astrophysical system acts as a transformer
converting Universal Energy into Light and Heat, then its rate of operation
depends on two factors:
·
the density of its
gravitational field;
·
and the rotational
velocity of its celestial body.
That is our first principle.
169.
We must also recognize that the sidereal velocity of
any stellar system is not entirely its own.
It derives from the larger astrophysical region to
which that system belongs.
If the Solar System existed in complete isolation, its
velocity would depend solely upon the energy contained within its own
gravitational field.
But because it exists within a wider cosmic structure,
it remains subject to the universal law of gravitational interaction.
From this follows a simple consequence:
As the distances separating stellar systems decrease,
their velocities tend to increase.
And since the planets depend upon the motion of their
central star, any acceleration affecting the Sun must, in one way or another,
affect the planets as well.
170.
This observation becomes critically important once
Life itself depends upon the stability of a complex system of physical
relationships.
The question therefore becomes:
How did God prevent future cosmic variations from
destabilizing the Earth?
To grasp the heart of the problem, let us compare the
Solar System to a spacecraft.
Having accepted that image, we may ask:
Was this spacecraft equipped with an emergency braking
system?
Or does it simply drift through the sea of
constellations, exposed to every gravitational wind and every sidereal current?
171.
Why would such a braking system be necessary?
The answer seems obvious.
Every body in the Universe remains subject to the laws governing the Universe.
If the wheels accelerate, the chassis must accelerate
with them.
If the Sun increases its speed, the planets cannot
remain unaffected.
172.
And to what extent would such acceleration affect the
planetary cores, especially that of the Earth, once the direct relationship
between motion and heat production has been established?
Conversely:
What would happen if the Sun's velocity suddenly
decreased due to large-scale electrodynamic interactions?
Would God have gone to such extraordinary lengths to
create an Autonomous Ecospheric Substrate, regulating continents, seismological
systems, geonuclear thermodynamics, and the entire Biospheric Interrelationship
Plane, only to abandon the Solar System to chance?
Surely not.
Nothing in the architecture described thus far
suggests carelessness.
No loose end escaped His attention.
Consequently, the need to correct trajectories,
compensate for variations, and regulate motion across immense spans of space
required that the Solar System be equipped with a stabilizing mechanism, a kind
of cosmic safety brake preserving the velocity of the central star within an
acceptable operating range.
The remaining question is simple:
What form would such a brake take?
To answer it, however, we must first understand what
kind of system the Solar System actually is.
And the answer, as always, lies before our eyes
PART SIX
CREATION OF THE SOLAR SYSTEM
CHAPTER 21
APPLIED FINISTIC SYSTEMOLOGY
(DYNAMIC STRUCTURE OF THE SOLAR
SYSTEM)
173.
The answer to the question posed in the previous
section, namely, what kind of automatic brake maintains the cruising speed of
the Solar System despite the universal tendency toward continual acceleration,
is unequivocal.
Before proceeding, however, duty requires that I
define the problem more clearly.
For generations, we have been accustomed to working
with what might be called a snapshot of the Solar System.
A frozen image.
A photograph suspended in time.
And therein lies the difficulty.
174.
Out of intellectual habit, and because of the virtual
image implanted during our years of education, we tend to think of the Solar
System as a static structure.
The familiar diagram inherited from Kepler is so
deeply embedded in our minds that we scarcely question it.
Apply Kepler's laws to that frozen image and the
entire system appears solved.
Simple.
Elegant.
Comforting.
Yet Reality is something very different.
For the Solar System is not suspended motionless in
Space.
It travels.
It belongs to a larger stellar environment.
It moves among neighboring stars separated by only a
few light-years.
And in doing so it behaves as part of a larger stellar
structure.
Let us perform a simple mental exercise.
Take the traditional diagram of the Solar System and
rotate it upright.
Now imagine the Sun moving through Space at its own
velocity.
Around it, the planets continue their orbital motion
while simultaneously advancing with the Sun.
What image emerges?
Not a static system.
But a moving field.
A dynamic structure.
A set of planetary trajectories tracing wave-like
paths through Space while pursuing the same central star.
175.
If we compare the Solar System with the open star
clusters visible in our skies, and if we place beside them the observed behaviour of binary and multiple star systems, whose member
stars may be separated by distances greater than that between the Sun and Alpha
Centauri, a natural question arises.
Where has the familiar classroom diagram gone?
Where is the static Solar System inherited from past
centuries?
For if the law of gravitation is said to operate
across immense distances, why should it cease to operate between stellar bodies
separated by only a few light-years?
At some point, common sense seems to have been
misplaced.
The nineteenth century overlooked the question.
The twentieth century buried it beneath dogma.
And despite possessing increasingly sophisticated
calculations, few dared press the button and allow the Solar System to move
once again inside the picture.
To see it not frozen in time.
But exactly as it exists:
moving through Space and Time,
embedded within a local stellar environment,
and carrying with it a family of planetary bodies
possessing solid structure and real dynamics.
Let us continue.
176.
Earlier I stated that the answer to why the Solar
System’s velocity appears to escape the consequences of the very law of
gravitation governing the Universe must be unequivocal, simple, and logical.
I now recognize that words, unlike mathematics,
possess an ambiguity capable of swallowing into their depths the purity of
entire mountains of numbers.
Allow me to explain.
A word is a vessel.
And different passengers may travel within it.
Depending on the passenger, the same word may cease to
mean one thing and come to mean another entirely.
Politicians are masters of this art.
Though, to be fair, we should not reserve such talents
exclusively for them.
A number, by contrast, is a perfect entity.
Its meaning is non-transferable.
Immutable.
Almost divine in its incorruptibility.
Hence the almost pagan devotion mathematicians often
feel toward numbers.
A four is a four.
Whether applied to bananas, stars, or mice, the
essence of four remains untouched.
Its nature does not change.
Words are different.
I, for example, may describe myself as a fool.
Or as a flower.
The word permits the ambiguity.
The number does not.
And because I continue to defend the need to press the
button of Solar-Systemological Motion, thereby overcoming the
intellectual inertia inherited from centuries of Keplerian imagery, I confess
that I often struggle not to laugh when I encounter the passionate defense of a
model that was once revolutionary but has gradually become, in my eyes, one of
the most conservative systems of thought still in existence.
I do not understand why astronomers have not taken the
immense mountain of observational data available today and processed it as
Kepler and Newton surely would have done had they possessed it.
Had they enjoyed such a database, the completed image
would likely have joined the long procession of models that fulfilled their
purpose, advanced civilization, and then gracefully gave way to something
greater.
The tragedy arises when useful ideas refuse to become
part of the past.
177.
Yet the fact that an answer may be unequivocal does
not imply that it must be simple.
Everything depends upon the model from which one
begins.
If our reasoning remains chained to the archetypal
image of planets as simple gaseous spheres orbiting a motionless Sun, the
journey eventually leads to the Bridge of Sighs, where one can do little more
than write a melancholy:
“Poor thing.”
upon the waters.
But once that obstacle has been overcome, and once we
accept that our present database no longer allows us to preserve explanations
unsupported by the accumulated weight of evidence, then the decision rests with
us.
We must process the data.
We must examine the parameters.
And we must allow the conclusions to emerge.
If we do so, the resulting equivalence should reveal a Local Stellar Architecture.
Within that architecture, the traditional Keplerian
photograph retains its historical value.
But only as the opening act.
Never as the final word.
For the central question remains:
Why does the Sun maintain a stable velocity despite
the implications of universal gravitation, according to which any body approaching another should continually alter its
speed as a function of distance?
178.
Complex questions often possess surprisingly simple
answers.
But before reaching those answers, we must place the
problem within its proper framework.
We must identify its nature.
We must determine the law involved.
And we must sketch upon the screen of the intellect
the question we are attempting to answer.
At this point, specialists become indispensable.
For they possess the observational databases capable
of confirming or refuting the hypothesis under discussion.
Specifically:
Whether the Sun forms part of a Local Stellar Cluster.
Whether that cluster is large or small.
Open or compact.
Sparse or populous.
And what gravitational architecture emerges from the
evidence.
Let us therefore expand our horizon.
Let us examine the stellar neighborhood within a
radius of twenty light-years.
And from there continue the journey.
179.
How many open star clusters might serve as
astrophysical models for the system we inhabit?
We are speaking, obviously, of a genuine revolution in
our conceptual understanding of what a stellar cluster is.
Old concepts must be set aside.
We must move beyond the isolated study of binary
systems and open the discussion to regional gravitational fields within
Universal Space, fields within whose boundaries stars behave much like atoms
within an astrophysical molecule.
Such a perspective would explain:
·
the apparent constancy of
stellar formations in the heavens;
·
the relative stability of
stellar distances and velocities;
·
and the structure of the
Universal Milky Way Network itself.
The resulting image is that of a Universe behaving
like a Crystalline Body, sustained by gravitational currents and
regulated through a continual balance between energy consumption and energy
renewal.
Within such a system, stellar fluctuations in
luminosity cease to be anomalies and become natural consequences of the
architecture itself.
God is naturally implied by such a cosmology.
But within this framework His existence is already
taken for granted.
Our concern now is more specific:
How is the Sun’s velocity kept constant?
180.
At this point I must correct and refine my own
reasoning.
The truly important issue is not merely the existence
of the Sun, but its existence as a member of a larger stellar system.
This leads me to define the total planetary mass as
part of a Solar Orbit Correction Mechanism.
Through its action, the centrifugal forces acting upon
the Sun as it moves through an accumulated gravitational field are moderated
and reduced to a stable value.
Earlier I suggested that:
“If we transform the total planetary mass into drag
mass, we obtain the stabilizing brake that governs the Sun's cruising speed.”
I would now express the idea differently.
The planetary mass acts through what may be called a Solar
Orbit Correction Equation, converting planetary mass into a form of remote
directional guidance that continually compensates for the forces acting upon
the star.
(Should an objection arise, imagine running while
carrying only your own body. Then repeat the same effort while carrying a heavy
sack across your shoulders. The difference is immediate. Yet before attempting
to carry the nine planets, their moons, and the belts of the Solar System upon
our backs, we must first abandon the older image of planetary bodies as
featureless masses floating passively within the Sun's field.)
181.
I emphasize this point because it lies at the heart of
the discussion.
The question is not merely what planets are.
The question is what role they perform within the
architecture of the Solar System.
For the purposes of this argument, what interests us
is discovering how the total planetary mass contributes to the corrective
stabilization of the Sun’s motion.
That is the problem before us.
And it is to that problem that we must return.
The broader disputes surrounding astronomical models
can wait for another occasion.
For now, our objective is more precise:
To determine how the planetary family participates in
maintaining the stability of the Solar System as a whole.
182.
Let us return to the thread of the argument.
Travelling at a cruising velocity X, we
encounter among the constellations of the Heavens a star called the Sun.
The resistance opposed to its motion through space is
negligible and contributes little, if anything, to the slowing of its velocity.
Consequently, the centrifugal effect associated with
its trajectory continually tends to carry the Solar System away from the
gravitational region to which it belongs.
Our problem is therefore a simple one:
Why does the Sun’s velocity remain constant?
For whether the Sun travels along a straight path or a
curved one, the fact remains that as it moves through Space the distances
separating it from the stellar systems toward which it travels steadily
decrease.
This is self-evident.
And as those distances diminish, the force of
attraction between the Sun and the corresponding stellar system increases.
The Law of Gravity asserts itself.
As attraction increases, velocity increases.
And as velocity increases, the cruising speed of the
Solar System should increase accordingly.
The process should continue uninterrupted.
The smaller the distance separating two celestial
bodies, the greater the acceleration experienced by the lesser of the two.
Whether the Sun is the larger or smaller member of the
pair is secondary.
The essential point is that a variation in velocity
must occur.
And since we are speaking of the Sun, let us continue.
183.
The nearest stellar systems are only a few light-years
away.
Proxima Centauri, for example, lies approximately four
light-years from the Sun.
Other nearby stars continue to be identified.
This leads naturally to another question:
How long has the Sun been travelling among the
constellations of the Heavens?
And if the Biosphere has remained stable throughout
millions of years without suffering a catastrophic disruption, are we not
entitled to infer the existence of a stable cruising velocity?
And if that velocity is stable, are we not compelled
to reconsider the nature of Gravity itself, not as a law, but as a phenomenon
whose deeper behavior remains to be understood?
I emphasize that these questions are not intended to
close doors.
They are intended to open them.
For my part, I seek only to simplify the image enough
to contemplate the process dynamically.
The traditional Keplerian photograph cannot satisfy
me.
If I were forced to compare planetary motion to a
better image, I would compare it to an electric current moving through a
conductor.
The Sun would occupy the place of the conducting axis.
The planets would follow wave-like trajectories around
it.
And the angular nature of planetary motion projected
into three-dimensional space would reveal itself as a form of flight through
successive current waves.
Something like this.
184.
Viewed from this perspective, the three-dimensional
problem becomes simpler.
Certain nutational irregularities present within some
of the outer orbits become easier to visualize.
In a later section devoted exclusively to the Solar
System, I shall return to this image and attempt to refine it through the
incorporation of additional physical data.
For the moment, my objective is more modest.
I merely wish to displace the image of the Solar
System frozen in Time that has dominated our imagination since the age of
Kepler, Galileo, and Newton.
An image that once served progress.
An image that once opened doors.
But which, in our own day, risks becoming a wall.
A convenient idol before which everyone kneels,
satisfied that they already understand all there is to know.
185.
The Academy, always ingenious, generally succeeds in
finding explanations capable of preserving its confidence against future
criticism.
Yet a difficulty remains.
If the Sun truly follows an exceptional trajectory
that somehow avoids the effects expected from its interaction with neighboring
stellar systems, then we must ask:
What trajectory does the Sun actually follow?
The reasoning applied earlier to Proxima Centauri may
be extended over geological timescales.
For millions of years the Sun has travelled among
neighboring stars.
And yet no collision has occurred.
This observation leads me to question the image of the
Sun as an isolated wanderer moving independently through Space.
The alternative possibility seems more natural.
Might it not be that the Sun belongs to a larger
stellar structure?
Might it not remain where it is because it forms part
of a greater System?
The question deserves reflection.
And if we pause long enough to feel, if only in
imagination, the vibration of that stellar engine beneath our feet, the problem
becomes difficult to ignore.
I’ll reiterate the image:
186.
This may seem like a trivial question.
It is not.
A passenger boarding an aircraft has every reason to
be interested in the mechanics that keep it in flight.
Why should we behave differently with regard to the
Solar System?
Is not the Sun itself a vast vessel travelling
eternally through Space, carrying within it its planetary passengers?
As for the maintenance of its velocity, one possible
clue lies in the photospheric activity of the Sun itself.
Consider the great solar eruptions.
Are they not, at least visually, reminiscent of the
exhaust plume of a rocket engine?
Do they not appear subject to the same principle of
action and reaction?
Let us suppose for a moment that such a relationship
exists.
If we then recall the approximately eleven-year cycle
governing solar activity, and the remarkable regularity of that cycle, might we
not be justified in exploring the possibility of a controlled propulsion
mechanism operating through the transformation of Gravitational Energy into
Light Energy?
The answer, admittedly, is difficult.
But difficult is not the same as impossible.
187.
Consider, for example, the passage of Comet Hale-Bopp.
Is not the extraordinary photospheric activity
observed shortly thereafter sufficient to invite reflection upon the
relationship between temperature, gravitational density, and transformation
rate?
And if a comparatively small body can influence the
activity of a star, even temporarily, does this not raise questions regarding
the relationship between the Sun and the bodies moving within its field?
I raise the question only because the phenomenon
itself invites it.
188.
One of the foundational pillars of human thought has
always been the search for causes behind observed effects and, conversely, the
prediction of effects arising from known causes.
It is through this capacity that human intelligence
has accomplished so much.
Yet there are times when ideas become attached to
assumptions so firmly that the search for causes itself becomes distorted.
When this occurs, reason risks becoming separated from
Reality.
For my part, I believe that every cosmology, whatever
its philosophical foundation, must ultimately be judged according to its
ability to explain observed phenomena.
But let us return to our Solar System.
189.
The first Intelligence required to address every
factor involved in the dynamic stability of the Solar System was the
Intelligence that designed it.
The greatest challenge lay not merely in creating a
Biosphere.
The greater challenge lay in preserving the conditions
necessary for the evolution of life across immense spans of time.
Many geophysical processes may be accelerated.
Life, however, imposes stricter conditions.
The millions of years required for the growth and
development of the Tree of Species demanded a system capable of maintaining
extraordinary long-term stability.
Among the many problems presented by such a
requirement, two stand above the rest:
·
How to maintain the Sun’s
cruising velocity through Space.
·
How to guide its
trajectory among the constellations without allowing it to become absorbed into
neighboring stellar systems.
It is here that we now stand.
And it is here that we seek to understand the solution
devised by the Creative Intelligence.
90.
The autonomous propulsion that stems from the nature
of stars as transformers of energy into light and heat, a phenomenon closely
analogous to the behavior of an excited particle that stabilizes itself by
radiating a subparticle, implies the need to revise
the astrophysical concept of motion founded exclusively on the law of universal
gravitation. Gravitation is not denied; its interpretation is simply refined.
If gravity has hitherto been regarded as the sole force governing celestial
motion, we must now also consider a mechanics of energy transformation, one of
whose effects is the generation of the propulsive autonomy required to maintain
a system's constant velocity.
Within this framework, the phenomenology of the solar
photosphere serves as a point of reference from which a star may be conceived
as a spacecraft that propels itself through the transformation of its own
energy into the fuel necessary to sustain its original momentum. Whether the
scientific establishment wishes, in its own irrationality, to deny the
applicability of the action-reaction principle to stellar eruptions and
sidereal motion is another matter entirely. The author sees no demonstrable
basis for such a denial and therefore proceeds with his exposition concerning
the relationship between the planets and the Sun's rotation as it travels
through the constellations that define its orbit.
191.
Let us consider the following scenario. We possess a
planetary system in which we intend to cultivate the Tree of Life. We know with
certainty that millions of natural years must elapse between the moment it is
planted and the time it bears fruit. We also know that the development of Life
requires Nature to preserve its Structure under conditions uniquely suited to
it. Consequently, external cosmological factors must be prevented from
interfering with the evolutionary process.
This necessity obliges us to protect the Biospheric
System in such a way that, although it remains immersed within the Universe,
the very existence of that Universe cannot become a source of lethal
interference. How can this be achieved?
The Sun's own cruising velocity, approximately 600
kilometers per second, together with its subjection to the law of gravity,
implies that its velocity should progressively increase over time. Yet this is
precisely what must be avoided. We are therefore compelled to equip the Solar
System with a safety mechanism capable of acting as an automatic brake whenever
its velocity begins to rise beyond the desired limit.
That is the objective. Let us now examine the
practical solution that the Creator devised.
192.
The first
practical solution was a logical one: to load the solar spacecraft in such a
way that gravitational acceleration would be counterbalanced by the work of
displacement, thereby forcing the spacecraft to convert that external
acceleration into the force required to move the braking load. In this way, the
solar spacecraft could maintain a constant cruising velocity while overcoming
the inertial tendency to increase its speed over time.
Let us illustrate this concept with a terrestrial
example. Imagine a vehicle loaded with fuel. The length of time it remains
operational on the road depends not only on its speed but also on the weight it
carries. If we fill the trunk to capacity, we reduce the operating range that
the fuel supply can sustain. We shall refer to this type of braking mechanism
as exogenous.
193.
Now let us imagine an even more sophisticated form of
exogenous brake. Suppose that, as the vehicle travels greater distances, the
load in the trunk continually increases its weight. Would there not come a
moment when the vehicle would be brought to a halt, overwhelmed by the growing
burden imposed by this exogenous brake?
This raises an important question: Is the Sun equipped
with such a braking mechanism, whereby the weight of the planets increases as a
consequence of the potential energy they accumulate over time? Conversely, is
it not through this very law governing the growth of potential energy and its
transformation into weight that the Sun's tendency to behave in accordance with
the law of universal gravitation is moderated?
194.
If prevailing ideas concerning the nature of the
planets are mistaken, then the numerical values derived from those ideas must
likewise be mistaken. This compels me to conclude that no real progress can be
achieved so long as the cosmology of the twentieth century continues to impose
its dogmatic assumptions and rationalist absolutism upon the intellect of the
twenty-first.
Until very recently, as I have already noted, Mars was
regarded as little more than a ball of gas. If we must wait for probes to reach
Pluto before translating its physical reality into reliable geophysical data,
then we may as well resign ourselves to waiting for death itself; death will
arrive before the probe reaches Pluto.
Once correct calculations are placed on the table, we
can begin to work with facts rather than with conclusions sustained by
authority and prestige. Leaving aside further criticism of such celebrated
geniuses, let us continue our journey aboard the solar spacecraft and persist
in asking questions.
195.
The Sun is approaching another stellar system, and as
a consequence its acceleration is destined to increase dramatically, despite
the effectiveness of the exogenous brake. How are we to overcome this new
problem?
In the imaginative exercise we have set in motion, we
are in command. We are piloting the spacecraft, and therefore its future
depends on our decisions. The obvious course of action would be to take the
helm and alter our trajectory, turning, for example, to the left. Otherwise, we
would eventually collide with the celestial bodies of the stellar system toward
which the law of gravity is drawing us.
Perhaps this would not happen tomorrow or the day
after tomorrow. That changes nothing. Our task is to find a way to initiate the
maneuver that will divert us from the inevitable collision with the system
whose gravitational attraction has seized control of our vessel's course.
The first thing that comes to mind is to look for the
steering mechanism. Where is it? For it surely exists. The passage of millions
of years, during which the Sun has remained on its course, is compelling
evidence that God has endowed the solar spacecraft not only with an exogenous
brake, namely the planets and the interplay of the energies that govern them,
but also with a steering system operated by a remote-control program capable of
overcoming otherwise irresistible interstellar acceleration and compelling the
spacecraft to change direction.
My intellect leads me to look around and ask: What
endogenous force is capable of making the Solar System behave as though it were
a spacecraft guided by an intelligent captain? What autonomous mechanism did
God bestow upon the Sun to make possible the rotational behavior it has
displayed since the dawn of time, and without which the spacecraft would long
ago have become merely another component of a neighboring stellar system?
196.
As I did yesterday, and as I always do, I raise my
arms to my Creator and dedicate to Him the joy that fills my mind, the joy born
of my admiration for the answer He has provided to these questions.
The remote route-control program is called Interplanetary
Alignment.
Now that the exogenous brake has been created, what
value would a brake have if there were no foot to press it? We shall call this
action of the foot upon the brake Endogenous Rotational Mechanics.
If the exogenous braking action arises as the System's
response to its universal environment, then the action of the foot upon the
brake represents the response of the planets to the behavior of the Sun.
More or less.
Before examining the influence of planetary alignments
upon the Sun's trajectory, however, I would like to remind the reader of two
familiar phenomena: the multiplication of arm strength underwater and the
reduction in a body's weight when submerged in water.
Do not assume that I am introducing these examples as
a distraction. On the contrary, I do so in order to shed light upon the natural
environment in which the interplay of forces within our Solar System operates.
197.
Consider that the weight of a body is directly related
to the gravitational conditions acting upon it. A one-kilogram rock possesses
the same mass on Earth as it does on the Moon. Likewise, the same rock retains
the same mass whether it is submerged in water or exposed to the air.
Does it possess the same weight in both situations,
however?
Of course not.
Let us now apply this principle to the Sun itself. I
do not claim thereby to rival the vision of the great genius who sought a lever
capable of moving the universe. Let us simply imagine that the Sun is placed at
one end of a lever, while we stand at the other, charged with the task of
moving it.
The first question we must ask is this: What is the
value of gravity in the environment in which we find ourselves?
Although it may seem paradoxical, the lower the
gravitational field, the less a body weighs, and consequently the greater the
effectiveness of the force exerted by our arm upon the lever.
The conclusion is straightforward. The effective
weight of the Sun, like that of any celestial body, varies according to the
gravitational interaction acting upon it at a given moment.
That is one point.
The other is that, unlike the Sun, the planets of our
Solar System move within a comparatively stable gravitational environment and
therefore maintain a balance between the force they exert and the weight they
are capable of lifting.
198.
Planetary Alignment,
whether total or partial, multiple or simple, acts as a lever, and its effect
upon the Sun is analogous to that of a lever acting against its fulcrum.
According to the systemological equation, the Sun's acceleration is moderated by the regulatory program into
which God transformed planetary alignment. The planets convert the weight of
the single body into which the alignment temporarily unites them into force;
and because every force, by its very nature, performs work, the work
accomplished by that force is to generate the angle of rotation previously
discussed and to maintain it at a constant value.
This, in essence, is the flywheel we have been
seeking.
199.
As for the physical and mathematical description of
this remotely guided starship, navigating autonomously through the
constellations of the heavens, I leave that task to those more skilled in
numbers, unknowns, and complex equations.
I merely emphasize the importance of both partial and
total planetary alignments within the framework of Applied Astrophysical Systemology. The former operate as a counterbalance to
velocity, while the latter produce a displacement of the System's heading
toward the hemisphere from which the loading effect originates.
In short, before sowing the seed of the Tree of
Species beneath the waters of the Great Ocean, many equations had to be solved
by God.
200.
In conclusion, much remains to be resolved at the
level of final data. Ideas are merely the prelude to investigation.
Within this context, I have sought to refine my
original conception of the relationship between the planets and the Sun within
a shared gravitational field. Just as the Sun's own field generates a
centrifugal tendency that repels bodies and contributes to the formation of the
outer asteroid belts, so too does the Sun, as a member of a multi-stellar
environment whose center functions as a gravitational reference point around
which cumulative motion takes place, experience the effects of a general
centrifugal force.
According to this interpretation, the Sun overcomes
that force through the total planetary mass belonging to its system.
This leads, ultimately, to a structure of
astrophysical engineering so precise that attributing it to chaos appears,
quite simply, to be the act of a mind incapable of comprehending the immense
architecture of equations solved by the Divine Engineer at the beginning.
Unable to reproduce, whether in physical reality or
even on paper, the infinite Science of this Creative Intelligence, such minds
choose what appears to me the easier alternative: to declare that God does not
exist.
Let the astronomers and mathematicians of this century
take note.
201.
Things are what they are, and not necessarily what
they appear to be; although there are times when appearance and reality
coincide.
We are dealing with spans of time measured in
countless millions of years, during which the Biospheric System required
integration into a stable astrophysical structure.
Up to this point, the temporal scales associated with
the geophysical sequences described throughout this work have not been
incorporated into the narrative. I have left those figures among the challenges
that God solved one by one.
And I believe I have already stated that, once
Creative Omnipotence is related to the physical concept of power, natural
calculations are burned in Fire, frozen in Ice, drowned in Water, and
evaporated in Air.
Over how many millions of years did God reduce the
sublimation and thawing of the Ice Mantle by integrating the Earth into the
Solar System through the boreal parabola?
Had the thawing of the Ice Mantle been exposed from
the outset to the distance corresponding to the third orbit, for how many
millions of years would that thawing process have continued?
PART SEVEN
CREATION OF THE HEAVENS
CHAPTER 22
THE GENERAL COSMOLOGICAL PRINCIPLE
202.
The purpose and ultimate goal of the creation of the
Heavens and the Earth, with Mankind standing at the end of the tunnel of time,
has been the central theme of our journey. We have seen how God designed both
the general architecture of the Heavens and the specific architecture of the
Earth, taking into account the millions of years required for the Birth and
Growth of the Tree of Life to bear fruit.
Because He possessed both the power and the wisdom to
do so, God devised a blueprint governing the relationships among the elements
of the biosphere. At the extremes of the ecosphere He established two principal
centers of heating and cooling, while across the continents He distributed
specific focal points, namely the mountain ranges crowned with perpetual snow.
The manner in which atmospheric and oceanic currents
are recycled through the polar centers, thereby maintaining the thermal
stability of the biosphere, constitutes a feat of geophysical engineering as
astonishing as it is magnificent, one that involved the very morphology of the
lithosphere itself.
Because the temperature of the ecosphere had to remain
stable, God endowed it with a perpetual angle of rotation. And because He
possessed both the ability and the knowledge to do so, He created the
Autonomous Ecospheric Substrate through which, as I have already explained, the
angle of incidence of solar energy would remain constant throughout the
millions of years required for the Tree of Life to bear fruit.
Yet even this was not enough.
The Solar System is not isolated from the rest of
Creation. It is in motion and subject to the general laws governing the
Universe, and therefore this interaction with its cosmic environment could
generate disturbances capable of ruining the work of millions of years.
Because such interference was possible, and because
God foresaw it, He did not hesitate to employ His Intelligence and endow the
Solar System with a mechanism capable of remotely regulating its sidereal
velocity, a mechanism I have called Applied Astrophysical Systemology.
And still, all this was not enough.
203.
Our local
universe, the Milky Way, moves within a Cosmos whose most visible
characteristic is motion itself.
Galaxies may differ qualitatively and quantitatively,
yet they all share a common denominator: they move.
To say that they move is to say that they interact,
multiply, divide, combine, and separate. Creation is ceaseless movement,
overwhelming, marvelous, and astonishing.
Moreover, the Cosmos represented in many
twentieth-century theories bears about as much resemblance to the real Cosmos
revealed by observation as a seal bears to a swallow.
In the real Cosmos there is neither uniformity of
motion nor standardization of distance nor repetition of pattern. The realm of
galaxies is the realm of diversity itself, of harmony born from the discovery
of the unknown, of wonder before the infinite capacity of cosmic matter to
reproduce itself throughout space without ever becoming monotonous.
It is genius scattered to the four winds, beauty
joyfully manifesting itself without any concern for fashion or intellectual
trends.
Stars gather in clusters upon clusters containing
trillions of celestial bodies that neither collapse nor destroy one another,
standing instead as luminous beacons in the immensity of the Cosmos.
Galaxies themselves resemble immense living creatures
that travel upon cosmic currents and, like eagles spreading their wings,
surrender to the invisible winds of intergalactic space.
Where, then, is the Cosmos of the twentieth century?
204.
The celestial structure observable in our immediate
surroundings exhibits highly distinctive characteristics.
Ultimately, everything resolves into a constellational
architecture that protects an astrophysical heart, from whose center its
singular optical configuration emerges.
For, as our telescopic vision reveals, the Universe is
traversed by immense gravitational currents that transport enormous masses of
cosmic clouds from one region to another, giving rise to the nebulae.
Thus, when God reveals that He created the stars of
the Firmament "to separate the Light from the Darkness," He tells us
much about the manner in which the Solar System would be affected by the
Earth's passage through one of these nebular currents.
At the same time, He reveals something of the nature
and purpose of the constellational shields.
205.
The Biblical text is remarkably clear.
"God created the stars to separate the Light from
the Darkness."
On the First Day we are told that God created the
Light and separated it from the Darkness. On this Fourth Day of the First Week
of Human History, we are told that, having accomplished that separation, God
created the Heavens in order to separate the Light from the Darkness.
The text could hardly be more explicit.
That the conclusions arising from this statement may
appear extraordinary, and indeed completely incompatible with twentieth-century
cosmological thinking, is of no consequence.
The opinion of modern man concerning the nature of the
Universe is irrelevant to the Revelation given to Moses. God did not compose
His Revelation with modern intellectual fashions in mind.
Those who did not concern God at the time of
Revelation need not concern His children today.
Their conclusions do not interest this book, nor do
their opinions concern its author.
Let us therefore move forward.
206.
The structure of the Universe revealed in Scripture,
when interpreted through the mirror of Reality, appears to imply the following
conclusion: namely, that the Universe of Genesis is the Milky Way itself.
Concerning the creation of this Milky Way, it is
written that God created the Heavens to establish a barrier between the Earth
and the realm of the galaxies.
This conclusion arises as a physical necessity
inferred from the study of the Heavens, whose observable phenomena suggest that
beyond them powerful currents and winds sweep through the Cosmos. Astronomical
images stand before us as silent witnesses, each photograph speaking with the
force of a thousand words.
Yet their beauty must not cloud our judgment when
interpreting the events that produce them.
The physical function performed by the stellar
clusters surrounding us is that of a vast net, intercepting whatever is carried
by the cosmic currents and obstructing the passage of intergalactic clouds into
the constellational system around which those clusters are distributed.
Let us therefore attempt to place the divine
declaration, namely that the Heavens were created to raise a protective wall
between the Earth and the world of the galaxies, upon scientific foundations.
207.
The description of the General Cosmological Space that
has come down to us presents a Universe-Galaxy that moves and interacts with
other bodies according to universal laws.
Such a vision harmonizes naturally with the endless
expansion of Matter implied by the very Idea of Creation.
The need to understand why God created the Heavens as
a protection against General Cosmic Movement inevitably raises a deeper
question concerning the relationship between God and this infinite
multiplication of Matter.
The answer to that question leads directly to another,
one that twentieth-century cosmology attempted to address through its various
theories:
Before the Beginning, what existed?
That question, in turn, compels us to ask what role
God played in the Beginning of beginnings and what His condition was before the
General Cosmological Beginning itself.
To approach this subject, we must enter the domain of
theology while preserving the scientific attitude that has thus far served as a
common language between Creation and ourselves.
208.
Before Creation there was Non-Creation, and before the
Creator there was God.
God declares Himself to be Eternal, and therefore
nothing can be said regarding His age.
Yet He also declares:
"Before Me no god was formed, nor shall there be
one after Me."
Since God is Eternal, the "formation" of
which He speaks cannot refer to His essential Nature.
It follows, therefore, that this formation must refer
to His Intelligence, the aspect of Being that grows, develops, and unfolds
through experience.
This conclusion leads us to distinguish between two
concepts: on the one hand, the Knowledge embodied in the Science of Creation;
on the other, the Being who possessed all the natural attributes of God.
When these two realities became one, God became the
Creator, and Reality became His Creation.
209.
I have addressed the time and manner in which this
cosmological revolution occurred in The History of Jesus. There I
explored the subject of the History of Uncreation and examined what I
considered to be its principal stages.
If memory serves me correctly, I stated there that the
Creator emerged because He already existed within God.
What I meant, more or less, was that Intelligence
without Power is insufficient to transform Reality, just as Power without
Intelligence lacks that same capacity.
I argued that Power resided in God, while Intelligence
resided in the Uncreated Force, the Origin of all things.
I also placed Eternity and Infinity alongside God,
though never in opposition to Him.
I described that uncreated relationship through the
image of the Childhood of the Divine Being, viewing that Childhood from the
perspective of the revolution through which God became the Origin of all new
things.
Referring to this process, God Himself declares that
He was "formed."
Such a formation can only be understood as a process
brought about through Infinity and Eternity as uncreated realities that
possessed in God the center of all movement and all becoming.
And when the Creator was fully formed within God, the
revolution was consummated that made God, Infinity, and Eternity one and the
same reality.
Roughly speaking.
210.
From this ontological revolution that united God,
Space, Time, and Matter emerges the concept of the General Cosmological
Principle: the event that established a definitive "Before" and
"After."
With this idea in mind, the scientific genius of the
twentieth century spoke of a Big Bang, whereas in Divine History I
proposed a natural creative process through which God transformed Reality by
working from the very structure of Reality itself.
In other words, a previous cosmos underwent
destruction and transformation, giving rise to a new cosmos which, like
everything that has a beginning, originated from an event or General
Cosmological Principle.
It was a General Cosmological Principle that
irreversibly marked the distinction between the "Before" and the
"After."
The question, therefore, is how God brought this
Principle into existence, of which the beginning of our own Universe
constitutes only one fragment within the historical sequence initiated by that
Event.
211.
Answering this question requires an examination of the
fundamental laws governing the Multiplicative Motion of Cosmic Matter, a
process that has operated since Eternity.
Unlike the Uncreated Cosmos, however, in which
Infinity itself participated in that multiplication, the revolution introduced
by God gave this movement a new origin and a new structure.
From that moment onward, the process was carried out
through fields that transform matter into cosmic energy and cosmic energy into
astrophysical matter.
To understand this phenomenology, let us turn to the
quantum nature of atomic matter.
212.
Both laboratory observations and particle-accelerator
experiments reveal that the reproduction of matter originates in an increase in
dynamic energy, which transforms the relationship between a particle and the
field through which it moves.
From the earliest days of quantum physics, it was
observed that an increase in mass requires an increase in kinetic energy, a
relationship that Einstein attempted to express through his famous energy
equation.
If, within its natural environment, a particle
responds to an increase in velocity by converting part of that difference into
mass, and if it behaves similarly within an accelerator, then a further
possibility presents itself.
Suppose we remove the velocity limit from the equation
and extract the particle from its environment, endowing it with the
characteristics of cosmic energy moving freely through a space lacking
electromagnetic reference points.
Under such conditions, the particle would continue
transforming differences in velocity into mass.
If we further imagine an accumulation of trajectories
extending toward infinity, we obtain the transition from quantum matter to
astrophysical reality.
According to this interpretation, such was the natural
process that existed prior to Creation.
213.
God revolutionized this process by concentrating the
trajectory within a field where mathematical time curves inward and physical
space falls toward a central point.
One may visualize the process as a ring accelerator
configured in such a way that, when viewed from outside, it traces a spiral
upon the surface of an hourglass, each fragment maintaining its acceleration
regardless of its mass.
At the moment when the beam reaches the center, that
is, the narrow throat of the hourglass, it passes to the opposite side through
an explosive event that gives birth to stars.
This is the phenomenon I call Astrophysical
Implosion, a phenomenon marking the birth of both galaxies and stars.
214.
Since a single celestial body is capable of generating
an unlimited number of beams of cosmic energy, the multiplication of matter to
infinity is a reality that has existed since Eternity.
What distinguishes the present form of this infinite
multiplication is that, in the past, Infinity itself served as the pathway of
transformation, whereas now the same process unfolds through the space-time
fields established by God at the frontiers of the Cosmos.
As a consequence, the Cosmos becomes progressively
more massive, while General Space acquires an ever-greater density of matter.
This is why the Cosmos continually surprises us with
new galactic structures and previously unseen celestial forms each time the
Hubble turns its gaze toward the depths of space.
Creation is continuous, and its expansion is
unceasing.
215.
We may compare this multiplication of cosmic matter,
originating from a General Cosmological Principle, to an endless chain reaction
whose radius of action and sphere of influence increase continuously with the
passage of time, expanding outward from the center toward the frontiers.
Our telescopic vision enables us to contemplate the
motion of galaxies within this ever-expanding General Cosmic Space.
It likewise enables us to apply the laws of
gravitation to galactic bodies, observing how they attract one another and
accumulate under the influence of those forces.
To this classical law, however, must be added the law
of electrodynamic forces, by virtue of which the concentration of total mass at
a single point becomes physically impossible.
This, according to the present interpretation, is the
remarkable reason why the motion of atoms within a heated gas enclosed in a
container reflects the same fundamental principles that govern General
Cosmological Motion.
CHAPTER 23.
THE GENERAL COSMOLOGICAL SPACE
216.
The creation of galaxies as an autonomous phenomenon,
set in motion by God through the constant feeding of the transformative field
of cosmic energy into astrophysical matter, leads us directly to discover the
Cosmos as a field of raw material from which God extracts the matter necessary
to build His Works. Our Universe is one of them. It was not the first, nor will
it be the last. God’s word on this matter is firm:
“Truly, truly, I say to you, the Son can do nothing on
His own, but only what He sees the Father doing; for whatever the Father does,
the Son does likewise. For the Father loves the Son and shows Him everything He
does, and He will show Him even greater works than these, so that you may be
amazed.”
The theological implications could not be clearer.
217.
But why does a beam of cosmic energy not continue
growing indefinitely once the velocity threshold associated with light has been
surpassed?
If the origin of astrophysical matter lies in the leap
of cosmic energy, and if that leap is governed by the transformation of kinetic
energy into mass, why does the process not continue without limit once a
trajectory equivalent to a vacuum has been established?
Would not a projectile fired through a perfect vacuum
tend toward unlimited velocity if given an eternity in which to accelerate?
Why, then, do no dark bodies of infinite mass exist?
In short, what safety mechanism imposes limits upon
the transition from cosmic energy to astrophysical matter?
218.
Experience itself provides the answer.
The movement toward infinity ultimately encounters a
critical threshold of growth, what I call the Astrophysical Implosion Point,
beyond which the stellar body begins transforming absorbed energy into light.
Thus, even when the matter-energy system appears to
possess an unrestricted pathway, the dynamic weight of the creative process
itself drives the system toward a stage at which transformation into mass
yields to transformation into light.
The cycle then continues.
This critical threshold appears to reside within the
very nature of matter and remains constant throughout the entire sequence of
transformation, from the quantum realm to the sidereal realm, and from the
astrophysical to the cosmic.
A different question altogether is how this hard core,
the true agent of the interdimensional leap, operates, and to what extent its
cycles may accelerate or decelerate.
Many related questions emerge as well.
For example, what occurs when the galactic mass
created by a spacetime field has exhausted the energy available within that
field?
And there are others.
We also observe within General Cosmic Space that
galaxies tend to follow patterns resembling a current flowing from the neck of
an hourglass rotating upon its axis.
When the spiral arms of galaxies are compared to jets
of astrophysical energy propelled into General Cosmic Space by centrifugal
forces, the variety of galactic forms appears to depend upon the quantity of
energy concentrated by a transformation field at a given moment.
Furthermore, if these fields are understood as
networks through which cosmic energy flows in alternating currents, the
spectrum of possibilities expands before us, and everything we have observed so
far becomes merely a glimpse of what lies ahead.
Galactic species grow throughout Eternity toward
Infinity.
219.
And once created, how do galaxies behave? How do they
grow? What laws govern their existence? How do they preserve their kinetic
energy? What relationship exists between them and the transformation field, and
what relationship connects that field to the astrophysical gravitational field?
Can we infer from observation certain principles that
may help us understand the nature of that vast tree of stellar creatures known
as the realm of galaxies?
Are we capable, by combining the physical laws
observed in our local environment, of reconstructing the great laws governing
motion throughout General Cosmic Space?
Why do galaxies appear not to obey the traditional
interpretation of the law of universal gravitation? Why do they behave more
like immense swarms of exotic creatures, drifting without any obvious
destination and seemingly guided only by the pathways dictated by cosmic
currents?
Could the Brownian-like motion they exhibit suggest
the applicability of electrodynamic principles to galaxies, principles by which
they repel one another, collide, merge, divide, multiply, and remain in
perpetual motion?
Does General Cosmological Motion not take into account
the neutral character of the universal gravitational field?
And what kinds of intergalactic currents and winds
must be generated by those immense cosmic structures traveling at extraordinary
velocities through a Cosmos destined for eternity?
Are not the nebular storms that sweep through our
Galaxy Universe evidence of those intergalactic currents which, stirred by
General Cosmological Motion, transport vast masses of cosmic matter from one
region to another, whether produced by the combustion of entire systems or
inherited from conditions preceding the establishment of the General
Cosmological Principle?
In short, the questions raised by this subject can
accumulate one upon another until they form a mountain.
That twentieth-century cosmology considered itself
capable, upon discovering a new galaxy, of assigning to it its nature, age, and
distance with complete certainty is one of those marvels that deserves careful
analysis, examination, and critical judgment.
But that discussion does not belong in this book.
220.
At this point it is worth emphasizing that the Idea of
the Universe preceded the Universe itself.
This is not a matter of dogma or philosophy. Such is
not my intention.
Rather, it is a recognition of a reality as natural as
the necessity of conducting a site survey before constructing an engineering
work.
Since God knows the laws of His Creation, its
dimensions, its phenomena, and its nature, it is logical to assume that, before
undertaking a Work, He drew plans and performed calculations, taking into
account the influence of the environment upon the future structure, in this
case, an astrophysical one.
No one has described that process of reflection
preceding the Act of Creation more eloquently than God Himself through the
words attributed to His Wisdom:
"Yahweh possessed me at the beginning of His
ways, before His works of old.
From eternity I was established; from the beginning,
before the earth came into being.
Before the abysses, I was brought forth; before the
springs abundant with water came into existence.
Before the mountains were founded, before the hills, I
was conceived.
Before He made the earth, the fields, or the dust of
the world.
When He established the heavens, I was there; when He
drew a circle upon the face of the Abyss.
When He condensed the clouds above; when He
strengthened the fountains of the Abyss.
When He fixed the boundaries of the sea so that the
waters would not transgress His command.
When He laid the foundations of the earth, I was
beside Him as an architect, delighting Him always and rejoicing continually in
His presence."
221.
With the Idea clearly conceived and all calculations
resolved, God set His hand to the Work.
In the case of the Heavens, Solomon tells us that the
first thing He did was "to draw a circle upon the face of the Abyss."
In other words, He marked out the territory. He
established the perimeter within whose dimensions the Heavens would be created.
He defined the extent of the material structure
through the boundaries assigned to it in Space.
The radius and diameter of that circle are not
entirely unknown to us.
Indeed, the significance of those dimensions becomes
increasingly apparent when considered in light of our understanding of the
cosmic landscape, especially when we examine the extraordinary gallery of
images provided by the Hubble Space Telescope.
Let us not forget that astronomical photography can
offer only a momentary snapshot of matter at a particular instant in time.
Yet the phenomena it reveals are often so similar to
those observed in our local physical environment that reason compels us to
infer the unknown from what is already known.
Do not nebulae resemble atmospheric storms?
Do they not appear as though immense waves of energy
were lifting them up and hurling them against the stellar systems of our
Universe?
222.
We have now reached the heart of the matter.
Galaxies generate powerful currents and winds within
General Cosmic Space. These currents move and evolve according to the pathways
determined by the galaxies themselves.
Yet we are not speaking merely of nebular matter. Here
we must combine the law of the curvature of light with the flight of cosmic
energy.
Let us approach the matter through a simpler image.
Imagine galaxies as immense cannons generating cosmic
energy. As that energy is produced, it is projected into General Cosmic Space.
We do not abolish the speed-of-light limit within the
galactic field; on the contrary, we preserve it. As the energy seeks a path out
of the galaxy, circling and interacting with other streams, the jet produced by
one star joins those emitted by others until what ultimately emerges into
General Cosmic Space is no longer a collection of individual beams but vast
currents of energy.
223.
This phenomenon, whereby the multiplication and
concentration of the mass associated with an energy beam gives rise to a
current behaving as a coherent nucleus, has been observed in particle
accelerators.
Experimental observations have shown that the quantum
multiplication of matter resulting from the acceleration of an initial beam
does not generate a multitude of dispersed streams, each following an
independent trajectory.
Instead, the process exhibits a tendency toward
concentration and continuity.
224.
Once beyond the galactic gravitational field, the
acceleration of the energy streams released by a galaxy tends to increase as
they move farther from its influence and continues to increase as they approach
the gravitational domain of another galaxy.
In this sense, the galaxy of origin functions as the
cannon from which the beam receives its initial impulse of cosmic flight, while
General Cosmological Space functions as the accelerator within which the beam
multiplies and generates the hard nuclei responsible for creating the
intergalactic currents that, in turn, give rise to the displacement of nebular
cosmic matter.
These currents move through General Cosmological Space
much as rivers carve their channels through a landscape, winding around
mountain foothills and advancing in straight courses whenever the terrain
permits.
From our Hubble-derived view of the Cosmos, we may
infer both the number and variety of currents moving through intergalactic
space, the amount of energy they convey, and the consequences they may have for
any system crossing their path without adequate protection from their shock
waves.
225.
Creation, understood in this dynamic and structured
form, transforms General Cosmological Space into a vast surface across which
powerful rivers of cosmic energy carve their courses.
And where do these currents ultimately end?
In the Ocean.
And what can this Ocean be other than the external
creative field within which cosmic energy is transformed into astrophysical
matter?
Yet before reaching their destination, during their
journey from their source canyons to that Ocean of transformation, these cosmic
currents behave like true cyclones.
Just as an old tree falls into a river and is carried
downstream by the current, so cosmic currents transport intergalactic nebular
matter from one region of space to another.
And just as the wind follows its course toward a
mountain only to unload its burden upon it, so the rivers of cosmic energy
deposit their cargo upon the galaxies they encounter along their paths.
Obviously, these currents cannot be observed directly.
Yet their existence may be inferred both from our
knowledge of matter and from the phenomena revealed through the eyes of Hubble.
226.
Our Universe-Galaxy, the Milky Way, relates to the
rest of Creation according to the principles governing this General
Cosmological Movement.
Viewed from the outside, our Universe behaves like a
mountain upon which the Cosmos unloads its clouds and from whose depths a new
source of electromagnetic waters springs forth.
These waters spread their channels across the cosmic
landscape, gather their intergalactic tributaries, and advance among the
galaxies until they reach their destination.
Within this interplay of forces lies the origin of the
nebulae.
And in view of these realities, and of the immense
dimensions involved, God endowed our Universe with protective mechanisms of its
own.
CHAPTER 24
ASTROPHYSICAL ENGINEERING OF CREATION
227.
The Creative Intelligence became actively involved in
the interplay of actions and reactions by creating a Universe designed to
withstand the forces generated by cosmological currents.
In other words, God constructed the universal edifice
and endowed it with all the physical mechanisms necessary to overcome the
consequences of the upheavals produced by Creation itself.
God also knew that, like soldiers falling on the front
lines of a battle, many celestial bodies originating beyond our Universe would
succumb to the forces generated by intergalactic currents.
What we call novae and supernovae are,
in this sense, those fallen warriors whose destruction is manifested in
spectacular explosions, phenomena that in turn give rise to comets and
meteorites traversing the heavens.
Let us pause, then, to examine the origin of novae and
supernovae.
Considering the amount of physical energy that a hard
nucleus is capable of releasing, and bearing in mind the similarities between
General Cosmological Space and a particle accelerator, if we elevate the
process to the astrophysical scale and apply the principle of mutual
interaction between gravitational fields and light, we are led to conclude that
a galactic field reacts to the curvature imposed upon the trajectories of
cosmic currents by increasing the rotational velocity of its outer stellar
regions.
Let us examine this behavior more closely.
228.
As we observe throughout Creation, all systems within
a galactic body combine their individual fields to generate a general field
that reacts as a unified whole to its external environment.
Previously, drawing upon Revelation, I compared this
general field to an ocean.
Accepting that comparison, and likening the universal
field to the volume of water contained within a glass, the action of cosmic
currents upon the gravitational field may be compared to the reaction of water
when a finger is inserted into it and set in motion.
Since every liquid body possesses an intrinsic pattern
of movement, determined by the container that holds it, any external
acceleration must first affect its outer regions before propagating inward,
whenever conditions permit.
229.
Naturally, not all bodies within a system respond in
the same manner to an external force.
In stellar systems this principle is manifested
continually.
If the transformation of gravity into light depends
upon the rotational velocity of the system, and if that rotational velocity is
modified by encounters with cosmic currents, then external stellar systems
subjected to such influences are constantly undergoing acceleration.
Some celestial bodies can accommodate this response
without difficulty, whereas others can do so only up to a critical threshold.
Once that threshold has been exceeded, the system's
safety mechanism ceases to function effectively, internal regulation breaks
down, and the system begins a path toward self-destruction.
When this process affects an individual star, the
result is what we call a nova.
When the process triggers a chain reaction capable of
dragging an entire stellar system toward destruction through the heat generated
by the accelerated combustion of gravity, we speak of a supernova.
230.
Experience speaks for itself.
The photograph provides evidence, and reality itself
is what ultimately convinces us.
Let us imagine a massive sphere that we wish to set in
motion. Initially, despite our efforts, we are unable to make it rotate.
We call for assistance, and as more individuals apply
force, the sphere gradually begins to turn.
Once rotation has been established, the force required
to maintain a constant rotational velocity becomes smaller, while the effect
produced by that same force becomes progressively greater as the sphere's speed
increases.
Let us now extend this simple experiment to the
relationship between a celestial body and its gravitational field.
Suppose we agree that the rotation of a gravitational
field resembles that of a solid body whose celestial object occupies the core.
We then compare the action of a cosmic current upon
that field to the action of a hand pushing the rotating sphere.
There, in essence, lies the physical effect underlying
the phenomenon of novae.
We must always bear in mind that the curvature of a
cosmic current, like the curvature of light itself, could not occur if that
current possessed neither mass nor weight.
Without mass there can be no weight; without mass and
weight, the phenomenon of curvature would not exist.
From an optical perspective, the curvature experienced
by cosmic energy when it encounters a gravitational field may be compared to
the refraction of light.
The trajectories followed by comets as they pass near
the Sun help reveal the optical structure traced by cosmic energy as it
traverses a gravitational field.
Unlike cosmic energy, however, the curvature of a
comet's path can be directly observed.
In the case of comets, therefore, we possess tangible
evidence that allows us to regard the gravitational field as a physical reality
behaving, for practical purposes, like a body.
And as such, it rotates together with the celestial
object to which it belongs.
231.
Given that the age of a star is measured by the time
required to consume the energy contained within its gravitational field, and
since that process of consumption depends upon the operating rate of the
transformer, logic leads us to infer the existence of a regulatory law
governing the relationship between a system's working revolutions and its
lifespan.
The question, then, is how the operating revolutions
of the astrophysical transformer can be accelerated to the point where its
lifespan is reduced to the shortest possible duration.
Logic suggests only one mechanism: the excitation of
the field to an extreme degree, much as a liquid contained within a vessel
overflows under the action of centrifugal force.
Is this not the cumulative effect of the forces acting
upon the great sphere we discussed earlier?
We are speaking of currents that respond to the
stimuli generated by galactic fields and of the excitation produced within
those fields as a consequence of that interaction.
The degree of excitation attained is reflected in the
intensity of light production.
The greater the excitation, the more intense the
production of light and the shorter the lifespan of the system.
The phenomena of both cyclical and atypical
intensification observed in stellar systems should therefore be understood
within the framework of this universal behavior.
232.
To summarize:
In the case of novae and supernovae, excitation
consists in the acceleration of the transformation process toward its maximum
possible rate.
Once the natural braking mechanisms of a gravitational
system are overwhelmed, the rotation of both the celestial body and its field
escapes control, and the interaction between them accelerates until complete
consumption occurs, reducing processes that would normally require millions of
years to a matter of seconds.
When this phenomenon affects a single astrophysical
system, we speak of a nova.
When an entire multiple system is drawn into this
destructive dynamic, we speak of a supernova.
Both phenomena occur primarily within the outer
constellational belts, which are the regions most exposed to intergalactic
currents.
These novae and supernovae give rise to comets, which
are propelled through space like projectiles, their destructive potential
increasing as they travel ever greater distances.
233.
And in conclusion:
With these three lines of action in mind, namely nebulae,
novae, and comets, God structured the constellational arrangement
surrounding the Solar System as a crystalline gravitational network whose
solidity would absorb and neutralize any threat capable of interrupting the
evolution of the Tree of Life upon the Earth.
The magnificent results visible throughout Creation
should not prevent our intellect from recognizing that, in accordance with
astronomical dimensions, God drew that Circle upon the Face of the Abyss of
which Solomon spoke in his Wisdom.
What the wise and peaceful king perceived through the
eyes of Wisdom, we, by the grace of God, are able to contemplate with our own.
Clusters and superclusters in the outer belt, together
with open clusters and multiple systems in the inner belt, combine to form this
crystalline gravitational and constellational network, a structure about which
much still remains to be said.
Let us therefore begin to unravel the mystery of the
Origin of the Heavens.
CHAPTER 25
ORIGIN AND CONSTITUTION OF THE HEAVENS
234.
We now arrive at one of the great questions: the
origin of the stars of the Firmament.
I believe the answer has already been outlined in the
preceding chapters.
The formation of stars, which constitutes the very
purpose of galactic existence, ultimately transforms the Cosmos into a
reservoir of raw material from which God draws the matter required for the
creation of His Works.
Since the creation of galaxies is continuous, the
supply of raw material placed at God's disposal by the cosmic field is
effectively inexhaustible.
How God extracts that stellar matter and transports it
from its regions of origin into the Universe is another matter altogether.
We, knowing that the manner in which things are
accomplished always depends upon the Power of the One who accomplishes them,
and that the imagination required to conceive them is directly related to the
Intelligence of the One who undertakes them, may speak of great rivers flowing
across the intergalactic plains, according to the will of the Lord of the
Galaxies and in harmony with His purposes.
What other name could we give to the One who creates
and governs them?
Or by what right could we attempt to judge the laws
that govern them and the patterns by which galaxies and their oceans of stars
respond to the action of their Creator?
Shall we impose the limitations of our own imagination
upon the Divine Imagination?
How could we dare compare our way of living, feeling,
breathing, thinking, walking, working, planning, touching, loving, organizing,
calculating, or rejoicing with that of the Being who stands at the Origin of
the Cosmos?
How could a creature, constrained by the natural
limits of its own existence, presume to judge its Creator without risking the
folly of its own arrogance?
The beginning and the end of human intelligence is
wonder.
It begins in wonder before Creation and culminates in
wonder before its Creator.
Whatever lies beyond that point springs from seeds not
planted by God within humanity and belongs to the domain of theology.
In any event, the question of Origin inevitably leads
us to the other great question: the Constitution of the Universe.
235.
From what has been presented thus far, it follows that
the Universe and the Cosmos are not the same reality.
Together they constitute Creation, yet within that
Creation, the Cosmos is one thing and the Universe another.
The Cosmos is the field of primordial matter from
which God freely draws the materials required to carry out His Works.
The Universe, by contrast, is the stellar domain
within which those Works are accomplished.
When Moses speaks of the Creation of the Universe, he
is referring to this stellar field.
As we have seen, its origin lies in that cosmological
realm from which God draws rivers of stars that cross the intergalactic plains
and flow into this universal ocean, within whose waters the Tree of Life took
root.
Much remains to be said about the Tree of Life,
particularly at this stage of its history.
Yet not everything has yet been said concerning the
constitution of the Universe itself.
236.
Naturally, Moses speaks in his account of the creation
of our Heavens.
And in doing so, he presents us with a fundamental
reality:
God is their Creator.
That reality leads us immediately to another:
Eternity, and with Eternity, Infinity.
Humanity is one fruit produced by these realities
acting together, but it is not the only fruit borne by that Tree of Life to
which the God of Infinity and Eternity entrusted the Universe as a field of
origin and growth.
This conclusion brings us back once more to the
revelation of the Son of the Creator and Lord of both Cosmos and Universe:
"The Father shows the Son everything He does, and
He will show Him greater works than these, so that you may marvel."
By speaking in the plural of future works while
referring to works already accomplished, the Son reveals that our heavens and
our earth, and therefore the human race itself, do not constitute the first
harvest borne by the Tree of Life.
This statement resolves, within the present framework,
the question of life in the Universe.
Humanity is neither the first fruit nor will it be the
last.
Before humankind, other worlds had already come into
being.
And after humanity, new worlds will emerge from the
branches of the Tree of Life.
The "sons of God" mentioned in Scripture
are, according to this interpretation, the fruits of those works that the Son
declared the Father performs.
There is little value in speculating about the regions
of the Universe from which such "sons of God" may have originated.
What matters is that the acknowledgment of their
existence opens a new way of understanding the Constitution of the Heavens and,
indeed, the Constitution of the Universe as a whole.
237.
This way of thinking is intimately related to the
Conception of the Universe.
When God conceived the Universe in His Mind, what was
the Idea that gave it Origin?
Did He create it merely as a field upon which a house
might be built and, once it had fallen into ruin through age, demolished and
replaced by another?
Or did He create it to be progressively developed over
time, in the same way that a landowner cultivates and transforms his land
generation after generation?
Did He create the Heavens that surround the Earth, and
that serve as the cradle of the human race, merely to be swept away by the
passage of time?
Or did He create them to endure eternally?
238.
And if we consider this latter possibility, and
remember that the creation of a world introduces into the Universe
constitutional challenges of astronomical proportions, as we have seen
throughout the preceding chapters, must we not conclude that the Universe is a
domain continually subject to the creative redefinition of its regions as those
regions are transformed into zones of World Origin?
Let us therefore return to the Beginning of the
Universe in order to understand more clearly this continuous creation of
universal geography.
239.
Having created the Cosmos as a realm that produces
galaxies, and since galaxies are factories of stars, God conceived Life and
envisioned a stellar Ocean that would grow continually, beneath whose Waters
Life would take root, spread its Tree, and bear its Fruit.
Thus God initiated the Origin of Worlds by directing
rivers of stars from every corner of the cosmic expanse. Flowing from their
sources in the galactic mountain ranges, they crossed the cosmological plains
and emptied into a designated region, where they formed an Ocean of stars: the
Universe.
At first, this Universe was amorphous and untamed.
Clusters and superclusters approached one another and drifted apart, while
stellar currents moved according to the forces operating within this immense
Ocean that had overflowed onto the shores of the Universe.
Yet the purpose of this movement was the sowing of
Life and the gathering of its Fruit.
The horizon God placed before the Universe was
Infinity.
Its age was Eternity.
Thus, with every Creative Act, He extended His Hand
over a region of the Universe and shaped it, molded it, identified it, and
endowed it with characteristics of its own, giving form to what was formless
and identity to what possessed none.
Within this ongoing Process of Universal Creation, and
as a consequence of its movement, our Heavens came into being.
The fundamental question, whether the Heavens of our
Firmament were created to endure or to be swept away like a sandcastle before
the rising tide, has a decisive answer.
In creating them, God gave form and identity to a
region of the General Universe.
I believe that within Scripture He subtly planted the
expression "the Heavens of the heavens," a phrase in which the
Universe is presented as a vast community of heavens, a dwelling place of many
heavens, each one, in the image and likeness of our own, serving as the cradle
and origin of worlds that once existed and worlds yet to come, each possessing
its own distinct region.
This aspect leads us naturally to another question:
navigation throughout the Universe.
240.
The tendency toward infinite growth that God bestowed
upon the Universe presupposes the existence of a universal cosmography capable
of enabling navigation through the identification of the countless regions that
compose it.
God is both free and powerful enough to do to the
Universe what the tide does to a sandcastle.
Yet He did not conceive it in that manner.
He could have gathered the celestial History and
Constitution of every World into a book.
Instead, He conceived that this History and
Constitution should endure eternally, with the Heavens themselves becoming the
letters of that universal Book, each Chapter recounting the Creation of a World
and all that it contains.
Are not the lines traced by the stars in writing this
message to humanity beautiful?
Infinity
+ Eternity = God
THE DIVINE HISTORY OF JESUS CHRIST 2026
DIGITIZED BY RAÚL PALMA GALLARDO
(RPI . Z-229-20 )
info@cristoraul.org
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AHISTORY OF THE POPESFROM THE GREAT SCHISM TO THE SACK OF ROME.1378-1525 A.D. SOFT COVER675 PAGES |
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AMAZONTHE LIVES OF THE POPES IN THE EARLY MIDDLE AGESVOLUME ITHE POPES UNDER THE LOMBARD RULE A.D. 590-795HARD AND SOFT COVER333 PAGES... historians are not agreed as to when the Middle Ages should be said to begin; and that, in the absence of any unanimous verdict, they may be defined to commence after the invasion of Italy by the Lombards,... |
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AMAZONTHE LIVES OF THE POPES IN THE EARLY MIDDLE AGES
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AMAZONTHE LIVES OF THE POPES IN THE EARLY MIDDLE AGES.VOLUME IIITHE POPES IN THE DAYS OF FEUDAL ANARCHY A.D. 891-1048HARD AND SOFT COVERThe period we would discuss — the tenth century and the first half of the eleventh — is often spoken of as the “unhappy or obscure, the iron or leaden age”. And for many reasons it ... is frequently asserted that, for Europe at large, it was the blackest period of its long life. |
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AMAZONTHE LIVES OF THE POPES IN THE EARLY MIDDLE AGES.VOLUME IVTHE POPES OF THE GREGORIAN RENAISSANCE. A.D.1049-1130SOFT COVER404 PAGESThe era of which we are now about to write in detail it was the age in which the Crescent began steady decline before the Cross; it saw the birth of the Crusades.
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AMAZONTHE LIVES OF THE POPES IN THE EARLY MIDDLE AGES.VOLUME VTHE POPES AT THE HEIGHT OF THEIR TEMPORAL INFLUENCE. PART ONE : A.D. 1130-1216HARD COVER486 PAGESThe years which saw the Popes at the height of their temporal sway were vigorous years. They were the heyday of Christendom; the days when at least the imagination and the physical strength of Europe were at their best. |
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AMAZONTHE LIVES OF THE POPES IN THE EARLY MIDDLE AGES
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AMAZONTHE LIVES OF THE POPES IN THE EARLY MIDDLE AGES
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HISTORY OF THE CHRISTIAN CHURCH FROM THE APOSTOLIC AGE TO THE REFORMATION BY JAMES C. ROBERTSON |
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AHISTORY OF THE POPESFROM THE GREAT SCHISM TO THE SACK OF ROME.1378-1525 A.D. SOFT COVER675 PAGES |
EBOOK |
| Ludwig Pastor |
THE HISTORY OF THE POPES FROM THE CLOSE OF THE MIDDLE AGES.VOLUME I. 1305-1447 A.D |
VOLUME II. 1447-1458 A.D. |
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George Finlay, (1799-1875), British participant in the War of Greek Independence (1821-32)![]() |
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